*What is Transcription?
The process of making mRNA from DNA in the
nucleus.
*What is Translation?
The process of using tRNA and mRNA to put
together amino acids at the ribosome.
*What is the function of mRNA?
To bring the instructions to make a protein from the
nucleus to the ribosome.
*What is the function of tRNA?
Molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome
during translation.
*What is the function of rRNA?
Ribosomes are made of this molecule. Ribosomes
make proteins.
*What are the three types of RNA?
messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA
*What are three differences between RNA and
DNA?
RNA has ribose, RNA has uracil, RNA not a double
helix
*What is an anticodon?
3 bases on tRNA molecules that are complementary
to codons
*What is a codon?
3 bases on mRNA that code for an amino acid
*What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
*What is the complementary DNA strand for the
DNA sequence: AGG?
TCC
*What is the complementary RNA sequence for
the DNA seqeuence: TAC?
AUG
*How many nucleotides code for each amino
acid?
Three
*What is the function of RNA polymerase?
Enzyme that makes mRNA from DNA during
transcription.
*Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic
cells?
In the nucleus
*Where does translation occur?
At Ribosomes in the cytoplasm or attached to the
Rough ER
*What is the anticodon that would match to
UAG?
AUC
*What is a purine?
Term for nucleotide bases with 2 rings.
*What is a pyrimidines
Term for nucleotide bases with 1 ring.
*Are adenine and guanine purines or
pyrimidines?
purines.
*Are cytosine, uracil and thymine
pyrimidines
*sugar and phosphate
Make up the backbone of DNA or RNA.
*What is the name of the sugar in a DNA
nucleotide?
Deoxyribose
*What is the name of the sugar in RNA?
Ribose
*What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide.
Sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base
*RNA base complementary to Adenine
Uracil
*What is an intron?
Pieces of mRNa that do not code for the protein.
They stay in the nucleus
*What is an exon?
Pieces of mRNA that do code for the protein. These
are spliced together and go to the ribosome
*What term means a Small nucleotide
ribonucleoprotein that recognize introns for
splicing mRNA
sNRP
*What is the TATA box?
the promoter sequence in eukaryotes
*What occurs during RNA processing?
putting a 5' guanine cap and a poly A tail on the 3'
end prior to the mRNA leaving the nucleus
*What is the function of a spliceosome?
snRNPs and proteins that cut out introns from
mRNA and join the adjacent exons together to make
mature mRNA
*Which carbon on the sugar in a nucleotide that
has an OH group?
3'
*Which carbon on the sugar in a nucleotide that
has a phosphate group?
5'
*In eukaryotes, what are the proteins that
mediate the binding of RNA polymerase to start
transcription?
Transcription Factors
*What is the function of Aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetase?
An enzyme that matches up the tRNA with the
correct amino acid and catalyzes the creation of a
covalent bond between them
*What is an Aminoacyl-tRNA?
A tRNA with its attached amino acid...also called a
charged tRNA
*A tRNA leaves from this area on the ribosome
after the amino acid it was carrying is added to
the growing polypeptide chain in translation is
called___________
E site (exit site)
*The area of the ribosome that holds the tRNA
that is carrying the growing polypeptide chain in
translation is called___________
P site (peptidyl-tRNA site
*The area on the ribosome that holds the tRNA
that is carrying the next amino acid to be added
to the growing polypeptide chain in translation.
A site (aminoacyl-tRNA site)
*The order that a codon goes through the E site,
E site and P site of the ribosome during
translation is__________
A--P--E
*What is a protein's primary structure?
The name for the structure of a protein that is the
amino acid sequence without folding
*What is the job of a Chaperonin?
Helps an amino acid sequence fold into the
secondary and tertiary structure correctly
*Name two post translational modifications.
Addition of sugars, lipids, or phosphate groups
Removal of one or more amino acids from the amino
end
Cleaving a part of the chain
Addition of a signal peptide
*The end of the growing RNA strand to which
RNA polymerase can add ribonucleotides is the
_________
3' end
*What does mature mRNA mean?
mRNA after splicing and processing
*Due to this phenominon, many genes can give
rise ot two or more different polypeptides,
depending upon which areas of the mRNA are
treated as exons.
Alternative RNA splicing`
*The term for the flexible base pairing between
some tRNAs and some codons. The first two
positions must match, but the 3rd can be
different is ____________
Wobble
*What does it mean that the genetic code is
"universal"?
All organisms on earth use the same genetic code
*What is pre-mRNA?
mRNA right after transcription, before splicing and
processing
*Put these words in the correct order:
protein, DNA, mRNA
DNA---mRNA--Protein
*Transcribe this DNA sequence to mRNA
ATTCCGG
UAAGGCC
*What is the anticodon for the mRNA codon
CCG? Where would it be found?
GGC on a tRNA