Name: ____________________________________________________________ Block: _______________
Structure and Transformation of Matter Review Sheet
Properties of Matter & Changes:
1. Physical properties: properties that can observed _without chemically changing the
substance______________________Examples:_color, density, melting point, etc._____
 Physical change: A change to a substance that does not change the chemical
identity (can be reversed)
2. Chemical properties: _Can only be observed by chemically changing the substance
and creating a new substance___Examples:_flammability, reacting, etc___________

Chemical change: A change to a substance that changes its chemical identity
and creates a new substance
Periodic Table of Elements:
1. Arranged in order by _atomic number_______________________
2. Columns have similar _properties___________________ (ex: elements in Group 1 all very
reactive)
11
Na
Sodium
23.0
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11 is the atomic _number_____________________
23.0 is the atomic ___mass_____________
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Sodium has ___11_____ protons
Sodium has ___11_____ electrons
Sodium has ___12_____ neutrons
3. All living things are made up mostly of these 4 elements: _C (carbon), H (hydrogen), O
(oxygen), N (nitrogen)_________________________
Element, Compound or Mixture:
__Element___: pure substance made up of one kind of atom; found on periodic table.
__Compound_____: Made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined.
___Mixture_____: Two or elements or compounds that are not chemically combined.
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__Heterogenous___: Different throughout (unevenly mixed)
__Homogenous_______: Same throughout (evenly mixed)
Name: ____________________________________________________________ Block: _______________
Write E, C or M if it is an element, compound or mixture:
H2O - C
Trail Mix - M
Salt water - M
He - E
Copper - E
Hydrogen - E
NaOH - C
Oil & water - M
Kool Aid - M
HCl - C
Carbon - E
Hg - E
Sugar water - M
Aluminum - E
NaCl - C
Chemical Reactions:
Chemical reactions involve two main kinds of change:
1. Formation of a __new________ __substance________________
Examples:
a. Gas bubbles when sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are combined
b. Solid formed when two liquids (copper sulfate solution and sodium carbonate
solution) are combined. This is called a _precipitate___________________
2. Changes in __energy__________________
Example:
a. Heating/burning sugar over a candle flame
b. __Endothermic________ heat is taken in (like the sugar/candle)
c. __Exothermic_________ heat is given off (like the fireworks)
The rate (speed) of a chemical reaction can be affected by which factors (and do they
increase or decrease the rate of the reaction): Heat (temp), surface area, concentration –
(increasing these speeds up reaction); Catalysts (can increase or slow down a reaction)
Chemical Equations:
What is a chemical equation? _A short way to show what happens in a chemical
reaction____________________________________________________________________
_Reactants____________ : are the substances that react in a chemical reaction
_Products____________: are the substance produced in a chemical reaction
C + O2 → CO2
Which numbers are coefficients?
Big #’s in front (1’s in this case)
Which numbers are subscripts?
Little #’s below (2’s in this case)
Is this equation balanced? yes
Balance and rewrite the equation.
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + H2O
Which numbers are coefficients?
1’s and 2
Which numbers are subscripts?
4, 2, 2, 2
Is this equation balanced? No
Balance and rewrite the equation.
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O