Mid term review ch 8, 10,21,12,13,14,7.2,16,9
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____
1. Energy doesn't have to involve motion.
____
2. Energy is the ability to cause change.
____
3. Energy is measured in joules.
____
4. When you ride a playground swing, your potential energy is greatest at the highest point.
____
5. As mass decreases, kinetic energy increases.
____
6. Lowering an object decreases its potential energy.
____
7. In a car engine, burning fuel produces heat, which causes gases to expand, producing kinetic energy.
____
8. The sum of potential and kinetic energy in a system is called the total energy.
____
9. Shiny materials absorb radiant energy.
____ 10. Water can be used to dissolve nonpolar molecules.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 11. Energy in the form of motion is potential energy. _________________________
____ 12. According to the law of conservation of energy, mechanical energy can be changed to heat energy.
_________________________
____ 13. A rock at the edge of a cliff has kinetic energy because of its position. _________________________
____ 14. When you put on the brakes of a bicycle, friction causes some of the mechanical energy to change to thermal
energy. _________________________
____ 15. According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can be created or destroyed.
_________________________
____ 16. Energy that is stored is kinetic energy. _________________________
____ 17. A book sitting on a shelf has gravitational potential energy. _________________________
____ 18. Increasing the height of an object will increase the potential energy of the object. ____________________
____ 19. A conductor is a material that doesn't allow electrons to flow through it easily. _________________________
____ 20. Ohm's law is the tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons. _________________________
____ 21. A term used to describe anything that has mass and takes up space is matter. _________________________
____ 22. Most of the substances you see and use in everyday life are pure substances. _________________________
____ 23. Substances containing two or more different elements chemically joined are called mixtures.
_________________________
____ 24. The smallest particle of the element oxygen that retains the chemical identity of that element is a(n) molecule.
_________________________
____ 25. The small dots pictured in the container below represent molecules of a substance. The substance is in the
solid phase. _________________________
____ 26. Compared to the melting point of a solid, the freezing point is the same. _________________________
____ 27. A swimming pool containing water at a temperature of 25°C contains more thermal energy than a coffee cup
of boiling water. _________________________
____ 28. Styrofoam and wood are good examples of thermal conductors. _________________________
____ 29. Surfaces that are white in color will absorb thermal energy most effectively. _________________________
____ 30. Heat never flows between two objects that have the same specific heat. _________________________
____ 31. Some fossil fuels are nonrenewable. _________________________
____ 32. The mass per unit volume of a material is referred to as pressure. _________________________
____ 33. A solid’s ability to be pounded into thin sheets is called malleability. _________________________
____ 34. The ability of a material to maintain its shape while a force is applied is called hardness.
_________________________
____ 35. A solid that may be stretched or bent and return to its original size and shape demonstrates ductility.
_________________________
____ 36. Properties of materials that may be observed directly are referred to as physical properties.
_________________________
____ 37. The measure of a solid's ability to be stretched and then returned to its original size is called tensile strength.
_________________________
____ 38. A solid with an orderly, repeating arrangement of particles may be called a(n) amorphous solid.
_________________________
____ 39. The property of a fluid that indicates the amount of friction within a fluid is pressure.
_________________________
____ 40. A measure of the upward force a fluid exerts on an object is called buoyancy _________________________
____ 41. Compared to electrons, the mass of protons is smaller. _________________________
____ 42. Atoms with the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons are called prototypes.
_________________________
____ 43. Atoms that gain or lose electrons to become charged are known as ions. _________________________
____ 44. A carbon -13 atom contains 6 neutrons. _________________________
____ 45. Elements with similar properties, listed in a single column on the periodic table, form a group.
_________________________
____ 46. An equation for a chemical reaction that correctly preserves the number and type of atoms on both sides of the
reaction is considered balanced. ____________________
____ 47. A number in an equation which designates the number of molecules of a substance taking part in a chemical
reaction is called a subscript. ____________________
____ 48. “The total mass of products of a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants” is a statement representing
Le Chatelier’s principle. ______________________________
____ 49. A substance formed as the result of a chemical reaction is called a product.
______________________________
____ 50. A substance formed in a chemical reaction is called a reactant. ____________________
____ 51. A solid product that comes out of solution in a chemical reaction is called a pollutant.
_________________________
____ 52. The color of a substance is a physical property. _________________________
____ 53. The freezing of water is a chemical change. _________________________
____ 54. Flammability is a physical property. _________________________
____ 55. A closed circuit has a break in it. _________________________
____ 56. Elements arranged in vertical columns in the periodic table are called periods. _________________________
____ 57. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. _________________________
____ 58. The symbol for fluorine is Fe. _________________________
____ 59. A very stable electron arrangement in the outer energy level is characteristic of noble gases.
_________________________
____ 60. Electron cloud models are used to show how electrons in the outer energy level are bonded when elements
combine to form compounds. _________________________
____ 61. Fusion means "to divide." _________________________
____ 62. Fission is the combining of two low-mass nuclei into one nucleus with a larger mass.
_________________________
____ 63. Because a water molecule has a slight positive charge at one end and a slight negative charge at the other end,
it is a nonpolar molecule. _________________________
____ 64. Molecules are neutral. _________________________
____ 65. When an atom gains or loses electrons, the charged particle that results is called a molecule.
_________________________
____ 66. An atom is chemically unstable when its outer energy level contains all the electrons it can hold.
_________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
67. Matter that always has exactly the same composition is classified as a(an) ____________________.
68. Pure substances are either ____________________ or ____________________.
69. An element has a fixed composition because it contains only one type of ____________________.
70. A compound can be made from two or more elements or other ____________________ joined together in a
fixed composition.
71. The substances in a(an) ____________________ mixture are evenly distributed throughout the mixture.
72. In a(an) ____________________ mixture, the parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another.
73. Fresh milk is a suspension, but homogenized milk is a(an) ____________________.
74. If the particles in a mixture scatter light, the mixture is either a(an) ____________________ or a(an)
____________________.
Figure 2-1
75. Based on the information in Figure 2-1, the ____________________ point of nitrogen is 210.0ºC and the
____________________ point of nitrogen is 195.8ºC.
76. Measuring ____________________ can be used to test the purity of some substances.
77. If a spoon gets hot quickly when it is used to stir a pot of soup, it is probably made of
____________________.
78. A material used for electrical wiring would need to have good ____________________.
79. A(An) ____________________ change occurs when a material changes shape or size but the composition of
the material does not change.
80. ____________________ properties can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are
changing into different substances.
81. Rust forms because iron and oxygen are highly ____________________ elements.
82. When a metal changes color because it has been heated, a(an) ____________________ change occurred.
When a metal changes color because it has reacted with another substance, a(an) ____________________
change occurred.
83. A(an) ____________________ has a definite volume and a definite shape.
84. Materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes and
____________________ are definite or variable.
85. The shape of a material remains constant when it is moved from one container to another. This material is
a(an) ____________________.
86. During vaporization, a substance changes from a(an) ____________________ to a(an)
____________________.
87. During a(an) ____________________ change, the system releases energy to its surroundings.
88. Protons and ____________________ are found in the nucleus of an atom.
89. If element Q has 11 protons, its atomic ____________________ is 11.
90. The nuclei of isotopes contain different numbers of ____________________.
91. The _________________________ of an isotope is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its
nucleus.
92. The region in which an electron is most likely to be found is called a(an) ____________________.
93. Stored energy is called ____________________ energy.
94. A fire warms you by transferring ____________________ energy.
95. According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can change ____________________, but it cannot be
created or destroyed under ordinary conditions.
96. When you move your hand or foot, your body has converted potential energy into ____________________
energy.
97. When Mendeleev organized elements in his periodic table in order of increasing mass, elements with similar
properties were in the same ____________________.
98. Elements can be classified as metals, nonmetals, and ____________________.
99. The elements potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and scandium (Sc) appear from left to right in Period 4 of the
periodic table. Among these elements, the most reactive is ____________________.
100. From left to right across a period in the periodic table, elements become less ____________________ and
more ___________________ in their properties.
101. Element 3, lithium, has one valence electron, and element 4, beryllium, has two valence electrons. Element 5,
boron, has ____________________ valence electrons.
102. Hydrogen does not have the typical properties of a metal. However, hydrogen is located above Group 1A
because it has one ______________________________.
103. In general, a(an) ____________________ metal will be more reactive than an alkaline earth metal in the same
period.
104. The two most reactive groups of elements in the periodic table are the alkali metals and the
____________________.
105. In an electron dot diagram, each dot represents a(an) ______________________________.
106. In an ionic compound, the attractions between cations and ____________________ hold the compound
together.
107. In the binary ionic compound potassium bromide, KBr, the element that forms cations is
____________________.
108. The chemical formula for calcium chloride, CaCl2, shows that the compound contains two
____________________ ions for every ____________________ ion.
109. If there are two long dashes between two atoms in a structural formula, molecules of the compound contain
a(an) ____________________ bond.
110. A polar covalent bond forms when _________________________ are not shared equally between atoms.
111. In ionic compounds, the sum of the charges of all the cations and anions must be ____________________.
112. The compound whose formula is SO3 is called sulfur ____________________.
113. Good ____________________ do not allow heat to move easily through them.
114. The statement that in chemical reactions, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products
is the law of ______________________________.
115. A(An) ____________________ is the number that appears before a formula in a chemical equation.
116. In terms of energy, the general chemical equation AB + CD + energy  AD + CB represents a(an)
____________________ reaction.
117. Cooking requires continuous adding of energy to the chemical reactions that are taking place. The chemical
reactions involved in cooking can be described as ____________________.
Select the correct term to complete each sentence. There are extra terms in the list.
radiant
nuclear
work
increases
potential
decreases
kinetic
energy
118. ____________________ is the ability of an object to change or cause changes.
119. The radiant energy given off by the Sun is formed from ____________________ energy.
120. As a car travels up a hill, its potential energy ____________________.
121. As a car rolls down a hill, its potential energy ____________________.
122. When sugar dissolves in water, water is the ____________________ and sugar is the
____________________.
123. Table salt is ____________________ soluble in cold water than it is in hot water.
Select the correct term to complete each sentence. There are extra terms in the list.
homogeneous
mixture
more
solid
boiling point
heterogeneous
evaporation
less
liquid
pure substance
melting point
gas
124. A certain brand of cough syrup contains caramel, citric acid, FD&C red #40, flavoring, glucose, glycerine,
high fructose corn syrup, purified water, saccharin sodium and sodium benzoate. It is considered to be a
____________________.
125. Matter that cannot be separated into other types of matter by physical means would be called a(n)
____________________.
126. A mixture in which different samples are not necessarily made up of exactly the same proportions of matter is
a ____________________ mixture.
127. A mixture that contains more than one type of matter and is the same throughout is a ____________________
mixture.
128. The phases of matter which flow are both ________________ and _______________.
129. The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid is called the _______________.
130. The cooling process that changes a liquid to a gas is called ____________________.
131. Most materials are ____________________ dense in their solid phase than in their liquid phase.
Select the correct term to complete each sentence. There are extra terms in the list.
thermal insulators
heat conduction
collide
emitters
thermal equilibrium
heat
specific heat
absorb
thermal conductors
132. The property of a material that describes the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram
of material by one degree Celsius is called ____________________.
133. When two substances in thermal contact starting at different temperatures reach the same temperature, their
condition of thermal “balance” is called ____________________.
134. Materials which are good absorbers of radiation are also good ____________________.
135. In a(an) _________________________, neutrons released during a fission reaction cause a series of other
fission reactions.
Select the correct term to complete each sentence. There are extra terms in the list.
physical
more
weight
chemical
less
buoyancy
tensile strength
crystalline
motion
density
mass
ductility
amorphous
brittleness
malleability
pressure
136. Properties that can be observed only when one substance is changed into another are called
____________________ properties.
137. The ratio of mass to volume is known as ____________________.
138. Most materials are (more/less) ____________________ dense in their solid phase than in their liquid phase.
Water is a notable exception since solid ice is (more/less) ____________________ dense than liquid water.
139. A solid whose particles are arranged in a random way is said to a(n) ____________________ solid.
140. A measure of the stress due to pulling or tension that a material can withstand before breaking is called
____________________.
141. The property of a substance that can only be observed as it changes to another substance is known as a
_____________________ property.
142. The tendency of a solid to break or crack when a force is applied is called ____________________.
143. The number of protons in an atom, different for each element, is called the ____________________.
144. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom are identified by a number called the
____________________.
145. The particle found in the nucleus of every atom except one isotope of hydrogen is the
____________________.
146. The figure below shows a portion of the periodic table.
The outermost electrons of a stable atom of aluminum are found at energy level number
____________________.
Select the correct term to complete each sentence. There are extra terms in the list.
catalyst
gamma
radioactive
reactant
endothermic
chemical
chain
precipitate
fusion
exothermic
physical
precipitate
half-life
activation energy
147. In a chemical reaction, the energy needed to break chemical bonds in the reactants is called the
____________________.
148. A chemical reaction that produces heat is ____________________.
149. A molecule added to a reaction that increases the speed of the reaction is called a(n) ____________________.
150. When neutrons released from the fission of one nucleus trigger fission in other nuclei the result is called a(n)
____________________ reaction
151. If the ____________________ of an object doubles, its kinetic energy doubles.
Figure 15-1
152. In Figure 15-1, the kinetic energy of the pendulum bob decreases between locations B and
____________________.
153. Energy resources that exist in limited amounts and, once used, cannot be replaced except over the course of
millions of years are called ____________________ energy resources.
154. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy because of a(an) ____________________ difference.
155. A hot dinner plate has ____________________ thermal energy than a similar dinner plate at room
temperature.
Select the correct term to complete each sentence. There are extra terms in the list.
current
positive
ammeter
increase
resistor
voltage
negative
circuit
decrease
chemical
neutral
static
156. Electricity flows through a complete path called a(n) ____________________.
157. The tiny imbalance of charge that develops on your body as you scuff your feet along a carpet is called
____________________ electricity.
158. Charge is caused to flow by the difference in the____________________ between two points in circuit .
159. A battery transforms ____________________ energy into electrical energy to move charges.
160. Devices that can be used to measure current in a circuit include the multimeter and the
____________________.
161. Like charges ____________________ and opposite charges ____________________.
162. Wood, plastic, and rubber are good electrical ____________________, and copper is a good electrical
____________________.
163. A complete path through which charge can flow is an electric ____________________.
Matching
Match each type of resource with the correct energy type below.
a. renewable
b. nonrenewable
____ 164. biomass
____ 165. coal
____ 166. natural gas
____ 167. solar energy
____ 168. geothermal energy
____ 169. water
____ 170. wind
____ 171. petroleum
Match each part of the atom with its identity from the list below.
____ 172. energy level
____ 173. neutron
____ 174. proton
____ 175. electrons
____ 176. nucleus
Problem
177. An 18-kg bicycle carrying a 62-kg girl is traveling at a speed of 7 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the girl
and bicycle?
178. A 20-kg bicycle carrying a 50-kg girl is traveling at a speed of 8 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the girl
and bicycle?
179. A 70-kg boy is sitting 3 m from the ground in a tree. What is his gravitational potential energy?
180. A 90-kg ceiling light is suspended 4 m above the floor. What is its gravitational potential energy?
181. Calculate the volume of a small iceberg with a mass of 200,000 kilograms.
(density of ice = 920 kg/m3)
182. Balance the following chemical equation: KClO3  KCl + O2. What type of reaction is indicated?
Mid term review
Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
T
T
T
T
F
T
T
F
F
F
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
F, kinetic
T
F, potential
T
F, cannot
F, potential
T
T
F, An insulator
F, Resistance
T
F, mixtures
F, compounds
F, atom
F, gas
T
T
F, insulators
F, black
F, temperature
F, All
F, density
T
F, strength
F, elasticity
T
F, elasticity
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
F, crystalline
F, viscosity
T
F, larger
F, isotopes
T
F
7
seven
T
T
F, coefficient
F, The law of conservation of mass
T
F, product
F, precipitate
T
F, physical
F, chemical
F, open
F, groups
T
F, iron
T
F, dot diagrams
F, Fission
F, Fusion
F, polar
T
F, an ion
F, stable
COMPLETION
67. pure substance
substance
68. elements, compounds
69. atom
70. compounds
71. homogeneous
72. heterogeneous
73. colloid
74. suspension, colloid
75. melting, boiling
76. density
77. metal
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
conductivity
physical
Chemical
reactive
physical, chemical
solid
volumes
solid
liquid, gas
exothermic
neutrons
number
neutrons
mass number
orbital
potential
thermal
form
kinetic
column
metalloids
potassium
K
metallic, nonmetallic
three
valence electron
alkali
halogens
valence electron
anions
potassium
chloride, calcium
double
electrons
valence electrons
zero
trioxide
insulators
conservation of mass
coefficient
endothermic
endothermic
energy
nuclear
increases
decreases
solvent, solute
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
less
mixture
pure substance
heterogeneous
homogeneous
liquid, gas
gas, liquid
melting point
evaporation
more
specific heat
thermal equilibrium
emitters
chain reaction
chemical
density
more, less
amorphous
tensile strength
chemical
brittleness
atomic number
mass number
neutron
3
three
activation energy
exothermic
catalyst
chain
mass
E
nonrenewable
temperature
greater
circuit
static
voltage
chemical
ammeter
repel, attract
insulators, conductor
circuit
MATCHING
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
171. B
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
PROBLEM
177.
178.
179.
180.
1/2 mv2 = 1/2 (18 + 62)(7)2 = 1,960 J
1/2 mv2 = 1/2 (20 + 50)(8)2 = 2,290 J
(m)(9.8)(h) = (70)(9.8)(3) = 2,058 J
(m)(9.8)(h) = (90)(9.8)(4) = 3,528 J
181.
182. 2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2; decomposition reaction
D
B
A
E
C