Matter
Atomic Theory
Counting
Particles
P.T. Trends
Grab Bag
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What is Chemistry?
The Study of Matter
What is the name for a
substance that cannot be
broken down by either chemical
or physical means?
An Element
What is the name for a
substance that contains 2 or
more elements and cannot
be broken down by physical
means?
Compound
What is a combination of 2 or
more substances that can be
separated by physical means?
A mixture
What type of mixture is not
uniformly blended?
Heterogenous Mixture
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion
What type of mixture is
uniformly blended?
Homogenous mixture
Most of the mass of an
atom is found where?
The Nucleus
Most of an atom is made up of
what?
Empty Space
What is the mass of a proton
in AMU’s?
1 amu
What is the mass of an
electron?
Essentially Zero
What two particles’ masses are used
in determining the atomic mass
number?
Protons + Neutrons
Which scientist’s gold foil experiment
helped to show that most of an atom is
empty space?
Rutherford
What does the atomic number of
an element mean?
The number of protons
How do you determine the number
of electrons in a neutral atom?
# of electrons = atomic number
What is an isotope?
An element with a different
number of neutrons
How many protons and
neutrons does 37Cl have?
17 protons and
20 neutrons
How many electrons does 20Ca2+
have?
18 electrons
What kind of energy does
an excited electron typically
emit?
Light
What is electron affinity?
An atom’s desire to
grab an extra
electron
What is the periodic
trend for electron
affinity?
Increases from left to right
What is the periodic trend for
ionization energy
Increases from left to right
What are the two periodic trends
for atomic radius?
Decreases from left to right
Increases from top to bottom
Why does atomic radius increase as
you move from the top to the bottom
of the Periodic Table?
Extra shells are added
Which type of elements are
found to the left of the stairs?
Metals
Name 3 characteristics of metals
Good conductors
Shiny luster
Malleable
Ductile
Solids at room temp
Tend to lose electrons
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost shell
How many valence electrons
does an atom with an electron
configuration of 2-8-18-5 have?
5 valence
electrons
What is sublimation?
A change in phase from a solid
directly into a gas
What are the only 2 elements that are
liquids at room temperature on the
periodic table?
Bromine and Mercury
Final Jeopardy
Category:
Periodic Trends
Define Ionization Energy.
The amount of energy required to
remove the outermost electron
of an atom.