Name _____________________________________________ Period ____________ Date ____________
Ch. 3 – Cells Notes – part 1
Lab 4 – Care and Use of the Microscope
Cells

___________________________ – the study of cells

Cells vary greatly in _________________ and ______________________

Cells have two main parts – nucleus and cytoplasm

Enclosed in a cell membrane (also called _______________________ membrane)
Cell Characteristics

Extremely _______________________________

Outpouchings and infoldings

Porous

________________________________________ = controls what enters and leaves the cell.

It allows some things to pass, but not others

This is the MAIN FUNCTION of the ________________________________________
Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm – the area between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.

Where most ______________________________ reactions / activities take place

Filled with a clear fluid called _____________________________

Contains many structures called organelles
Organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – complex system of internal membranes, canals, or channels.

Function = ___________________________________________
_____________________ ER – where ribosomes are located, protein manufacture

_____________________ER – no ribosomes, lipid synthesis

Golgi Apparatus (Bodies) – series of flattened, membranous sacs near the nucleus

Function = _________________________________________________

Mitochondria – usually numerous, double layer membrane

Function = Chemical energy transformed into _________________ (adenosine triphosphate)
through the process of ___________________________________

Lysosomes – variable in size and shape

Function = digestion and ___________________________ of foreign particles, microorganisms,
and damaged or worn out cells and ___________________________________

Centrosome – composed of numerous microtubules

Function = forms ________________________________ during cell division

Vesicles – small sacs

Function = ______________________________________________

Microfilaments & Microtubules – threadlike structures

Function = cell __________________________ and cell _________________________________

Nucleus – large sphere usually in the center of the cell

Function = __________________ the activities of the cell, contains _____________ information

Nucleolus – small, dense structure within the nucleus

Function = __________________________________________

Chromatin – loosely coiled “fibers” in nucleus, composed mainly of DNA and protein

Function = contains information for ___________________________________________
Label the cell parts
Lab 5 – Cell Structure and Function
Cell Project Assignment
Ch. 3 – Cellular Transport Notes – part 2
Passive Transport

_____________________ – molecules move spontaneously (no energy used) from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Facilitated diffusion – molecules diffuse through a membrane through a_________. (no energy)

Osmosis – the diffusion of ____________________ through a selectively permeable membrane

Osmotic pressure = pressure to stop osmosis

_______________ – molecules are forced through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure
Active Transport

Molecules are moved against the concentration gradient.

Requires the use of cellular ________________________

____________________________ – transport of particles out of the cell

___________________________ – transport of particle into the cell

Pinocytosis – liquids taken in

Phagocytosis – solids taken in
Solutions

Solute – Substance ______________________

________________________ – Substance in which a solute is dissolved (usually water)


______________________Solution – concentration of solute particles is greater outside the cell


Causes water to go ______________ of cell
_______________________Solution – concentration of solute particles is lower outside the cell


Ex. Sugar (solute) dissolved in water (solvent)
Causes water to __________________the cell
__________________ Solution – concentration of solute particles is the same inside and outside

Cause water movement to be ________________________
Gummi Bear Diffusion Lab
Ch. 3 – Cell Cycle Notes – part 3
Life Cycle of a Cell

Interphase

Mitosis

Cytoplasmic Division

Differentiation
Interphase

Cell is in a resting state, ___________________ occurs, DNA ______________________ itself,
cell _______________________________

Composed of 3 stages

G1

S

G2
Mitosis

______________________ Division

Composed of 4 stages

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Mnemonic = the dog peed on the mat (_________________________)
Prophase

Chromatin condenses and becomes visible as ________________________________

Spindle forms and centrioles migrate to the poles

Nuclear membrane _________________________
Metaphase

Chromosomes line up along the ________________________

Remember: Meta = middle
Anaphase

Individual ______________________ separate
Telophase

Nuclear membrane __________________________

Spindle disappears
Cytokinesis

The ______________________ (and hence the whole cell) separates

Some still consider cytokinesis to be a part of mitosis…it is now a separate part of the
cell cycle
Differentiation

When a stem cell starts to become a ____________________cell (like a muscle cell or nerve cell)
Cell Cycle Game http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/2001/
Cell Cycle Project