Spring Final Review
World History
2014
1. Russia 1917-1918
• Czar Nicholas II abdicated Russian Imperial throne
• Vladimir Lenin returned to lead the Russian Revolution
• Bolsheviks seized power and became the Communist Party
• Russia signed a peace treaty with the Central Powers
2. Triple Entente
Triple Alliance
Great Britain
Germany
France
Austria- Hungary
Russia
Italy
3. Primary Causes of World War I
Militarism --- the policy of maintaining a large armed force for aggression
Alliances --- a pre-arranged agreement between two or more countries
Imperialism--- the forced colonization by Europe in Africa, Asia and South America
Nationalism—the belief that people of similar ethnicity should have their own country
4. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary led to the
immediate outbreak of World War I
5. The following led to the Scientific Revolution:
• Invention of the printing press
• Influence of religious authorities in political and social institutions
• Discovery of new species through exploration of the New World
6. Trench warfare forced troops into defensive positions leading to a stalemate.
7. The Goals of Propaganda During World War I were
a. • Presented one-sided information
b. • Designed to boost morale
c. • Encourage public support
8. The World War I military tactic which resulted in a prolonged stalemate was trench
warfare
9. James Watt (1736-1819) • Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer
1769 - granted a patent for making major improvements to the steam engine
• 1784 - granted a patent for the steam locomotive
Enabled the mass production and distribution of goods.
10. . The outbreak of the Russian Revolution was one result of World War I.
11. Bolshevik Revolution caused the Western Front to become the focus of World War I.
12. The chronological order of events during the Russian Revolution:
Bloody Sunday,
World War I,
Tsar Nicholas’ abdication,
Assassination of the Romanov family
13. The leader most influenced by Marxist ideology was Adolf Hitler
14. The following are examples of the growth of technology:
Textile Machinery – Inventors and Inventions of the Early Industrial Revolution
James Hargreaves – spinning jenny, 1764
Richard Arkwright – water frame, 1764
Eli Whitney – cotton gin, 1792
15. Totalitarianism ---- Absolute authority over the people, demands people’s
unconditional loyalty, glorifies the aims of the state, and controls all aspects of society.
16. Churchill’s main purpose in delivering this speech was to raise the spirits of the British
public.
17. Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany by appointment by the president.
18. 1942 naval victory that was the turning point for the Allies in the Pacific was the Battle
of Midway
19. The source of knowledge most central to the Scientific Revolution was observation and
experimentation.
20. World War II battle that involved the greatest mobilization of land and sea forces was
the Battle of Normandy.
21. Strategy used by the Allies against Japan in World War II was Island hopping.
22. Galileo made an important contribution to science by proving the existence of other
planets.
23. The heliocentric model of the universe was developed by Nicolaus Copernicus.
24. Hitler’s use of fast traveling airplanes and tanks followed by massive infantry forces to
conquer Poland in 1939 was referred to as blitzkrieg.
25. During World War II, the Soviet Union urged its allies to launch a military offensive
against Germany from Western Europe. The main purpose of this request was to force
Germany to fight on two major fronts.
26. Extreme nationalism combined with militarism and rule by a single dictator best
defines the concept of fascism.
27. The philosopher who proposed the idea that people need a powerful absolute monarch
to establish and maintain order in society was Thomas Hobbes.
28. The Enlightenment thinker who believed that the people have the right to overthrow a
tyrannical government was John Locke.
29. Thomas Hobbes argued that the state needed absolute power to control citizens.
.
30. Thomas Hobbes focused on individual freedom and believed that civilization corrupted
people?
31. The political ideas of Thomas Jefferson were greatly influenced by such
Enlightenment thinkers as John Locke and Voltaire.
32. Wilberforce promoting abolition of slavery.
33. 1994 events that occurred in Rwanda:
• Hutus commit acts of genocide against the Tutsi people, • United Nations
withdraws peacekeeping force, • an estimated 800,000 people murdered.
34. Golda Meir was:
a. • Zionist leader in Israel
b. • Led Israel during Yom Kippur War
c. • Served as Israel’s fourth Prime Minister
35. Accomplishments of Mother Theresa
a. • Founded the Missionaries of Charity
b. • Awarded Nobel Peace Prize for work in India
36. Major driving force of the Industrial Revolution was free enterprise.
37. An influence of free enterprise on the Industrial Revolution was the use of private
capital to finance the production of goods.
38. A factor which contributed to both the American and French revolutions was the lack
of fair representation in government.
39. A major consequence of the American and French revolutions was that Democratic
reforms encouraged citizens to participate in government.
40. The Enlightenment had the greatest effect on these events Common to the American
Revolution and French Revolution: Establishment of basic human rights, Replacement
of monarchy with a republic. Elimination of aristocratic privileges.
41. The proper chronological order of the stages of the French Revolution--- Tennis
Court Oath, the Great Fear, Execution of Louis XVI.
42. Prior to the French Revolution, the group considered part of the Third Estate was the
merchants.
43. The pair of documents influenced by this Enlightenment idea:
Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. —Jean Jacques Rousseau
the Declaration of Independence and Declaration of the Rights of Man.
was
44. An immediate effect of the American Revolution was that Political ideas influenced
the citizens of other nations.
45. Which aspect of the American Revolution most influenced South American
independence movements? The ability to overthrow a colonial power
46. The goal of both the American and French Revolutions was to create a government
to protect individual rights.
47. Before the American Revolution, John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu wrote
about the need for governments to be responsible to the people they govern. Montesquieu
advocated constitutionalism and the preservation of civil liberties. Locke favored a social
contract between a country’s citizens and their government.
The following quote combines the idea of Locke and Montesquieu; “Governments
are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”
48. The slaughter of European civilians, particularly European Jews, by the Nazis became
known as The Holocaust.
49. An important effect of the American Revolution was that Latin American leaders drew
inspiration from the American Revolution.
50. The Enabling Act allowed Hitler to establish a totalitarian state by giving the
government the power to ignore the constitution for four years.
51. The leader that brought an end to the French Revolution was Napoleon.
52. After World War II, United States leaders’ feared Communism and Stalin feared
capitalism.
53. The Bill of Rights are amendments to the United States constitution.
54. The leader of the Mexican Revolution was Father Hidalgo.
55. The leader of France before the French Revolution. Louis XVI
56. . Place the following eras in order from earliest to latest: absolutism,
industrialism, and imperialism.
57. The heliocentric model, the development of inductive reasoning, and the work of
Robert Boyle are all associated with the Scientific Revolution.
58. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the U.S. Pacific
fleet at Pearl Harbor
59. A goal of Mohandas Gandhi was to win India's independence with nonviolent
resistance, from Brittan.
60. Reasons for the entrance of the U.S. into World War:
•
•
•
•
Unrestricted submarine warfare,
Zimmerman Telegram,
Cultural and Political ties to Great Brittan,
Threat to democratic governments