1
Sc 9
Ch 1-2 Notes: Matter
Matter: Anything that has mass and
volume
Mass: the amount of
matter in a
substance
Volume: The amount of space
that
matter occupies.
Property: A characteristic used to
describe matter.
Qualitative – can be describe but
not
measured
.
Quantitative: can be measured
.
Atom: the smallest part
of an element
that still has the same properties of that
element.
Molecule:
two or more atoms
chemically combined. (either the
same or different atoms)
2
Element: A substance that contains only
one type
of
atom
Compound: A substance that contains
or more different types of atoms,
Chemically
combined.
two
Pure Substance: A substance that has the
same properties
in any sample
you choose. Can be a
element
or
an
compound
.
Models :Each geometric shape represents a
type of atom. When the shapes are drawn
together, they represent atoms that are
chemically combined.
Ex. 1: Mixture or Pure Substance?
Element Compound Both?
Total # of atoms:
6
# of molecules: 0
# of different types of atoms: 1
# of different types of compds 0
3
Ex. 2: Mixture or Pure Substance?
Element Compound Both?
Total # of atoms: 12
# of molecules: 6
# of different types of atoms: 1
# of different types of compds0
Ex. 3: Mixture or Pure Substance?
Element Compound Both?
Total # of atoms:
15
# of molecules: 5
# of different types of atoms: 2
# of different types of compds1
Ex.4 : Mixture or Pure Substance?
Element Compound Both?
Total # of atoms: 17
# of molecules: 7
# of different types of atoms: 3
# of different types of compds2
4
Ex.5 : Mixture or Pure Substance?
Element Compound Both?
Total # of atoms: 17
# of molecules: 5
# of different types of atoms: 3
# of different types of compds1
Ex.6 : Mixture or Pure Substance?
Element Compound Both?
Total # of atoms: 13
# of molecules: 3
# of different types of atoms: 4
# of different types of compds0
Physical Changes: Changes in which no
new substance is formed
.
Ex.
Chemical Change: Changes in which NEW
substances are formed .
Ex.
5
Clues that suggest a CHEMICAL change
has occurred:
1. a new colour
may appear
2. gas or
bubbles
may be given off
3. Light
or sound
may be
formed.
4. Solid
material (a precipitate
may form in a liquid
5. The change may be difficult to
KMT:
reverse
Kinetic Molecular Theory
1. All matter is made up of
particles
2. The particles are always
moving
3. There is space between the particles.
In a gas : space is extremely large
In a liquid: medium sized space
In a solid: spaces are quite small
4. To make the particles move faster you
heat them up (adding energy) .
5. When the particles move faster they expand
6. When the particles expand they become
less
dense
and will start to rise
(float) .
6
7.
Convection currents will be created
when molecules heat up.
Changes of State:
State
Shape
Volume
Solid
Liquid
Fixed
Fixed
Takes
Fixed
shape of
container
Space
between
molecules
Small
Medium
(so they
can just
slide past
one
another
7
Gas
Shape of Takes as V. Large
container much
volume as
allowed