Louise Margaret Tomas SCR200.4710 03/20/2008 LAGUARDIA COMMUNITY COLLEGE Nursing Program NURSING CARE PLAN SCR200 Nursing Diagnosis (Number nursing diagnoses in order of priority.) 1-Social isolation r/t Disease process (Schizophrenia) as evidenced by client does not attend group activities and client does not interact with staff. Expected Outcomes 1-The client will identify feelings of isolation within 34 weeks. Nursing Actions/ Implementation Rationale (Cite Specific Sources) 1-The nurse should establish a therapeutic relationship with client by being present and showing a caring attitude. 1-Being emotionally present and authentic fosters growth in relationships and decreases isolation. (Ackley 1126) 2-The client will practice social and communication skills needed to interact with others during hospital stay. 2-Provide positive reinforcement when client seeks out others. 2-Receiving instrumental social support such as feedback contributes to a positive self being, 3-The client will initiate interaction with others within 3-4 weeks. 3-Establish trust one to one then gradually introduce the client to others. 3-This is individualization of care. 4-The client will participate 4-Put client into groups or Evaluation 4-Positive social interaction is enhanced when you provide opportunities or assist in making 1 2-Risk for loneliness r/t client refusal to participate in group activities, and client’s family not visiting often as evidenced by client not attending group activities, staying in her room, and the client stating that her family does not visit. in one of the group activities for 20 minutes by the end of the week. allow client to select which group according to preference, abilities, age. decisions. (All above from Ackley & Ladwig, p. 1127-1129) 1. Client will participate in ongoing positive and relevant social activities that are personally meaningful in one week. 1-Encourage the client to be involved in meaningful social relationship that are characteristics of both giving and receiving support. 1-It is important to recognize that the positive relevance of social relationships is related to the content and quality relationship.( Mosby 782) 2. Client will maintain one or more meaningful relationships allowing selfdisclosure and demonstrate a balance between emotional dependence and independence before discharge. 2-Explore ways to increase the client’s support system and participation in groups and organization. 2-Satisfaction with support networks was a potent predictor of selfesteem, emotional health. (Mosby 782) 3-Encourage the client to develop closeness in at least one relationship. 3-Dependence and independence should be balanced in healthy relationship, which will reduce risk for loneliness. ( Mosby 782) 2 3-Risk for constipation r/t medications side effects as evidenced by client is taking Abilify. 1-Maintains passage of soft, formed stool every 1 to 3 days without straining. 1-Observe usual pattern of defecation including time and day, amount and frequency of stool, consistency of stool. 2-Identifies measure that prevents or treats constipation 2-Encourage fiber intake of by discharge. 25g per day for adults. 3-Encourage client to respond 3-Encourage fluid in take of promptly to defecation reflex. 1.5 to 2 liters per day. 4-Encourage client to eat fiber in his daily meals and to increase intake of fluids to reduce constipation. 1-There are often multiple reasons for constipation; the first step is assessment. 2-Fiber helps prevent constipation by giving stool bulk. 3-Adequate fluid intake is necessary to prevent hard dry stools. (All above form Ackley & Ladwig, p. 692-695) 4-The reflex that cause the urge to defecate diminishes after a few minutes and may remain quite for several hours, as a result the stool becomes hardened and more difficult to expel. (Ackley 302) 3 4-Disturbed sleep pattern r/t inadequate Day time activity and uncomfortable sleep environment as evidenced by client yawning and stating “I feel tired; I want to take a nap for a little bit.’ 1. Pt will verbalize satisfaction with sleep-rest pattern as evidenced by stating, “I slept well” within 1 week. 5. Self-esteem disturbance related to feelings of inferiority and sense of Client will: 1. Make one positive statement about self within 48 hours. 1. Observe the client’s medication, diet and caffeine intake. 2. Eliminate or reduce sleep interruptions by closing the door or pulling the curtains 1. Schedule meetings with client that ensure privacy and communicate her importance as an individual. 2. Examine with client specific feelings regarding herself. 1. Difficulty sleeping can be a side effect of medication. Also, caffeine can interfere with sleep. (Mosby pg 886) 2. Excessive noise or changes in the environment can cause poor quality sleep. (Mosby pg 887) 1. Facilitate feelings of acceptance and belonging and validate client’s worth. (Johnson, p 556) 2. Client’s view of himself is a vital aspect of his personality. (Johnson, p. 555) 4 inadequacy, as evidenced by client stating, “No one loves me. I want to have a family but no one marry me.” 6. Self- esteem disturbance r/t personal identity as evidenced by poor hygiene, uncombed hair and soiled attire. 3. Encourage client to express emotions, fears, feelings of inferiority, and sadness. 4. Identify with client achievements that would make the client feel better about herself and focus on one of these. Client will: 1. state accurate selfappraisal. 2. take bath and comb hair within 48 hours. 1. Treat client with respect and as an equal to maintain positive self esteem. 2. Encourage the client to create a sense of competence through short term goal setting and goal achievement. 3. Expression will provide catharsis. (Johnson, p. 555) 4. To foster client’s sense of accomplishment. (Johnson, p. 558) 1.Clients with Schizophrenia may have significant self-care deficits. Inattention to hygiene and grooming needs is common, especially during psychotic episodes. (Videbeck pg 290) 5 7. Social Client will: Isolation r/t 1. Identify barriers that failure to cause impaired social establish trust as interactions. evidenced by 2. Participate in activites client was in her and programs at level room lying of ability and desire down, avoidance within 72 hours. of social 3. Describe feelings of activities with self-worth before other residents discharge. and she has never been married before and she doesn’t have a boyfriend. 1. Establish a therapeutic relationship by being emotionally present and authentic. 2. Establish trust one on one and then gradually introduce the client to others. Allow the client oppurtunities to introduce issues and to describe his or her daily life. 1. Relating to others is difficult when one’s self-concept is not clear. Clients have problems with trust and intimacy, which interfere with the ability to establish satisfactory relationships with others and the environment. These clients lack confidence, feel strange or different from other people and don’t believe they are worthwhile. The result is avoidance of other people. (Videbeck 290) 6