Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Cells
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Fungi
Protists
Archaea
Plant
Animal
Cell History
Prokaryotic
• Ancient cells
• First type of cell
• Primitive cells
Eukaryotic
• Modern cells
Two Cell Types
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
Pili
Prokaryotic Cells
• No membrane bound nucleus
• Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration
• Organelles not bound by membranes
Eukaryotic Cells
• Nucleus bound by membrane
• Include fungi, protists, plant,
and animal cells
• Possess many organelles
Protozoan
Structure Functions
Draw a bacteria cell and label the following parts and describe the function:
• Flagellum
• Pili
• Capsule
• Cell Wall
• Plasma Membrane
• Ribosomes
• DNA
Flagellum
• Hair-like structure
• Used for locomotion  movement
Pili
• Tiny hair-like structures that branch out
from cell wall
• Attach to host tissue or cell  gives them
the ability to cause infection
• Used for conjugation (sending genes)
Capsule
• Protects from drying out
• provides protection against phagocytosis
from immune cells
Cell Wall
• Makes cell rigid and gives it shape
• An anchor for pili and flagella
Comparison Chart
Attributes
Cell Size
Cell Organization
Presence of Organelles
Nucleus
DNA
Ribosomes
ATP
Cell Wall
Type of Organisms
Size of Organisms
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Cell Size
Cell Size
Prokaryotic
• Smaller cells
• 1 to 10 µm
Eukaryotic
• Larger cells
• 10 to 100 µm
Cell Size Comparison
Cell Organization
Prokaryotic
Simple cells with all
parts in “one room”
Eukaryotic
Complex cells with
many compartments
Presence of Organelles
Prokaryotic
• Ribosomes only
Eukaryotic
• Many, specialized
organelles
Nucleus
Prokaryotic
NONE!
Eukaryotic
Present
DNA
Prokaryotic
• DNA is loose in the
cytoplasm
• DNA held of circular
chromosome
Eukaryotic
• DNA is protected in
the nucleus bound
by a membrane
• DNA held on linear
chromosomes
Ribosomes
Prokaryotic
• Small (70s)
Eukaryotic
• Large (80s)
ATP
Prokaryotic
• Production occurs
in infolded regions
of the cell surface
membrane called
mesosomes
Eukaryotic
• Production occurs
in mitochondria
Cell Wall
Prokaryotic
• Peptidoglyan based
(if present)
Eukaryotic
• Cellulose based (if
present)
Type of Organisms
Prokaryotic
Bacteria only!
Archaea
Eukaryotic
Plants, Animals,
Fungi, and Protists
Size of Organisms
Prokaryotic
• Always unicellular
• Bacteria are cell
size: 1 to 10 µm
Eukaryotic
• Mostly multi-cellular
• Range from cell size
(10µm) to the size of a
sequoia tree (83 m)
Representative Animal Cell
Representative Plant Cell