Monday, January 10, 2011 Objective: SWBAT complete Dihybrid Punnett squares. Bellringer: Use a Punnett square to predict the offspring of parents that are hybrid dominant and homozygous recessive for the trait of Furriness (use the letter F). Agenda 1. 2. 3. 4. Bellringer Guided notes: Dihybrid Crosses Practice problems Homework: SpongeBob Dihybrid Crosses DIHYBRID PUNNETT SQUARES Mastering the Dreaded Dihybrid What’s the difference? Monohybrid cross When only ONE trait is looked at Dihybrid cross For example, height OR color Use a 2x2 Punnett square When TWO traits are looked at For example, height AND color Use a 4x4 Punnett square Steps to complete a Dihybrid Cross Note: These are the same as for a Monohybrid Cross, but now you’re doing them for two genes rather than just one! 1. 2. Determine the genotypes of the parents. Figure out the possible gamete combinations for each parent. (gametes = sex cells) 3. Each gamete gets one copy of each gene. Helpful Hint: Use the FOIL method to make pairs. Complete the 4x4 Punnett square. Helpful Hint: Complete one gene (one letter type) and then the second gene (the second letter). Dihybrid Example Step by Step An Example Problem What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the children of parents that are heterozygous for round eyes with a blue body and purebred for round eyes and hybrid for a yellow body? Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents. Parent 1: heterozygous for round eyes blue body Parent 2: purebred for round eyes hybrid for a yellow body Step 2: Figure out the possible gamete combinations for each parent. (gametes = sex cells) • • Each gamete gets one copy of each gene. Helpful Hint: Use the FOIL method to make pairs. • FOIL pairs = First, Outer, Inner, Last Parent 1: Parent 2: Gametes: Gametes: Ry Ry ry ry RY Ry RY First Outer Inner Last First Outer Inner Ry Last Step 3: Complete the 4x4 Punnett square. Helpful Hint: Complete one gene (one letter type) and then the second gene (the second letter). Parent 1: Parent 2: Gametes: Ry Ry Gametes: ry RY ry Ry Ry Ry RY ry ry RY R R Y y R R Y y R r Y y R r Y y Ry R R y y R R y y R r y y R r y y RY R R Y y R R Y y R r Y y R r Y y Ry R R y y R R y y R r y y R r y y Ry Genotype & Phenotype Ratios Ry ry ry RY R R Y y R R Y y R r Y y R r Y y Ry R R y y R R y y R r y y R r y y RY R R Y y R R Y y R r Y y R r Y y Ry R R y y R R y y R r y y R r y y Genotypes: 4 Ry RRYy : 4 RrYy : 4 RRyy : 4 Rryy Phenotypes: 8 Round-eyed, yellow body : 8 Round-eyed, blue body Homework Complete the practice problems from the notes. Complete the Bikini Bottom Dihybrid Practice problem set. If you didn’t yet take last Friday’s QUIZ, please come see me in room 109 after school or during your lunch period to take the Quiz. (We will go over the Quiz tomorrow.)