3.1: Modeling the Planet
Modeling the Planet
Maps
Globe 3D, hard to fold.
Map 2D, contains distortion.
Cartographers - map makers.
Map Projections
Representations from a sphere to a flat
surface.
Mercator Projections
Gnomonic Projection
Polyconic Projection
Map Scales
The scale of the map tells you how the
map’s features compare in size with the
earth’s surface.
How do map projections distort Earth’s surface?
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigati
ons/es0301/es0301page01.cfm
Latitude and Longitude
Hemispheres “Hemi” means half.
Equator Divides N and S hemispheres.
Prime Meridian Divides E and W
hemispheres.
Latitude 1 min of Lat = 60 nm or…
Longitude Converges towards the poles.
1. Label the four contiguous US time zones: Eastern (the eastern US), Central (just west of
the eastern time zone), Mountain (between Central and Pacific), and Pacific (the farwestern US). The contiguous US time zones are one hour apart; for example, if it is 1:00
in Pacific Time, it is 2:00 in Mountain time, 3:00 in Central time, and 4:00 in Eastern time.
2. If it is 12:00 in Central time, label the time in all the other time zones.
3. What time zone is your state in?___________________________
4. Label Canada (the country north of the USA) and Mexico (the country south of the USA).
5. Label the Atlantic Ocean, The Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico.
6. How far is it from the Atlantic to the Pacific?
7. Going from the West to East Coast do you gain or lose time?
8. Do you lose or gain when going to Hawaii from L.A.?
9. If you traveled to the west and crossed the International Date Line into Asia what would
happen to the time and date?
1. Draw a red line along the equator (0 degrees
latitude).
2. Draw a purple line along the Prime Meridian (0
degrees longitude).
3. In which ocean is the location 10 degrees S latitude,
75 degrees E longitude located? Mark it on the map
with a blue "X" and write the name of the ocean.
4. In which ocean is the location 30 degrees N
latitude, 60 degrees W longitude located? Mark it on
the map with a blue "Y" and write the name of the
ocean.
5. Mark the following cities on
the map in red:
B. Beijing: 40°N, 116°E
C. Cairo: 30°N, 31°E
CT. Cape Town: 34°S, 18°E
H. Hong Kong: 22°N, 114°E
J. Jakarta: 6°S, 106°E
LA. Los Angeles: 34°N, 118°W
LI. Lima: 12°S, 77°W
LO. London: 51°N, 0°W
MC. Mexico City: 19°N, 99°W
MO. Moscow: 55°N, 37°E
MU. Mumbai: 19°N, 72°E
NA. Nairobi: 1°S, 37°E
NO. New Orleans: 30°N, 90°W
NY. New York: 40°N, 74°W
R, Rio de Janeiro: 23°S, 43°W
SE. Seattle: 47°N, 122°W
SY. Sydney: 34°S, 151°E
TK. Tokyo: 35°N, 139°E
T. Toronto: 43°N, 79°W
Quiz
1. Globes are not flat. They are considered
___ dimensional.
2. Of the three map projections discussed,
which would show a polar region best?
3. Which shows your position north of the
Equator, Latitude or Longitude?
4. What do we call the zero degree line of
Longitude?
5. What do we look for on a map to figure
out how many miles one inch equals?
4.2: Earth’s Rotation
Evidence for Rotation
In 1851 Jean Foucault showed that
the earth rotated using a pendulum.
Pendulum demo
http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/E
nvironmental%20Science/course%20files/m
ultimedia/noaa/lesson08/l8ex1.htm
Axis and Rate of Rotation
Effects of Rotation
Day and night.
Measuring time
Standard time zones
International Date Line
How do latitude and longitude coordinates help us
see patterns on Earth?”
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/conten
t/investigations/es0303/es0303page01.cfm?chapter_no=in
vestigation
Pass out Lat & Long maps…
3.3: Topographic Maps
Quiz
1. T / F Pendulums can prove that the Earth
is really rotating.
2. The North and South Pole are where the
Earth rotates on its ___________
3. Since it takes 24 hours for the Earth to
rotate, it is divided up into ____ time zones.
4. Time zones divide hours, the International
Date Line divides ______
Topographic Maps
Topographic maps show topography –
surface features
Contour lines
Contour interval
Slope and
elevation
Earth's Varied Topography
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/co
ntent/investigations/es0307/es0307page01.cfm?chapte
r_no=03
Stereoscope activity
Quiz
1. T / F Topographic maps show us the
surface features of the Earth.
2. Why are contour lines always level(flat)?
3. Closely spaced contour line show us what
kind of slope - steep / gradual ?
4. The color blue on a topographical map
represents?
5. Why do we have magnetic declination?
End