The Reformation
Review
The Reformation
Questions
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Notes:
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Reformation
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1. Causes of the Reformation
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“The Pope is lower
than God but higher
than man, judges all
but is judged by no
one.”
Pope Innocent III
Causes of the Reformation
powerful popes spent money
on art and wars
John Tetzel
Causes of the Reformation
secular Renaissance ideas
challenge church authority
illiterate priests were often
immoral
Questions
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Notes:
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Reformation
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1. Causes of the Reformation
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A. secular Renaissance ideas challenge church
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authority
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B. powerful popes spent money on art and wars
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C. illiterate priests were often immoral
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Martin Luther
The Spread of Lutheranism
Questions
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Notes:
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Reformation
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1. Causes of the Reformation
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A. secular Renaissance ideas challenge church
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authority
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B. powerful popes spent money on art and wars
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C. illiterate priests were often immoral
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2. Reformation
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A. Martin Luther leads change
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i. 1517 – posts 95 Theses criticizing indulgences
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ii. printing press spread 95 Theses around Europe
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iii. encouraged people to read bible
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iv. Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther
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v. Luther started a new church, Lutherans
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Questions
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Notes:
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Reformation
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1. Causes of the Reformation
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A. secular Renaissance ideas challenge church
________________________________________________________
authority
________________________________________________________
B. powerful popes spent money on art and wars
________________________________________________________
C. illiterate priests were often immoral
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2. Reformation
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A. Martin Luther leads change
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i. 1517 – posts 95 Theses criticizing indulgences
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ii. printing press spread 95 Theses around Europe
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iii. encouraged people to read bible
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iv. Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther
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v. Luther started a new church, Lutherans
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B. King Henry VIII starts Anglican Church (Church
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of England)
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Calvin’s World in the 16c
Questions
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Notes:
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Reformation
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1. Causes of the Reformation
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A. secular Renaissance ideas challenge church
________________________________________________________
authority
________________________________________________________
B. powerful popes spent money on art and wars
________________________________________________________
C. illiterate priests were often immoral
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2. Reformation
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A. Martin Luther leads change
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i. 1517 – posts 95 Theses criticizing indulgences
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ii. printing press spread 95 Theses around Europe
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iii. encouraged people to read bible
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iv. Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther
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v. Luther started a new church, Lutherans
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B. King Henry VIII starts Anglican Church (Church
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of England)
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C. French theologian John Calvin develops
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protestant ideology - predestination
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Europe Starts Religious Wars
The Thirty-Year War
(1618-1648)
German princes use
Reformation to get
independence from Rome
and from the Holy Roman
Empire
The war is extremely
destructive and soon
involves almost all of
Europe
St.
Bartholomew’s
Day Massacre
Dutch persecution of
Anabaptists (Mennonites)
Questions
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Notes:
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Reformation
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1. Causes of the Reformation
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A. secular Renaissance ideas challenge church
________________________________________________________
authority
________________________________________________________
B. powerful popes spent money on art and wars
________________________________________________________
C. illiterate priests were often immoral
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2. Reformation
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A. Martin Luther leads change
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i. 1517 – posts 95 Theses criticizing indulgences
________________________________________________________
ii. printing press spread 95 Theses around Europe
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iii. encouraged people to read bible
________________________________________________________
iv. Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther
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v. Luther started a new church, Lutherans
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B. King Henry VIII starts Anglican Church (Church
________________________________________________________
of England)
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C. French theologian John Calvin develops
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protestant ideology - predestination
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3. Effects of the Reformation
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A. religious wars broke out across Europe
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B. both Protestants and Catholics improve education
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Council
of
Trent
The Counter-Reformation
• Ignatius of Loyola started the
Jesuit Holy Order
• Catholic Church reformed some
of its corruption (such as banning
indulgences)
• reaffirmed basic tenants of
Catholic faith (saints, pilgrimages,
salvation through good deeds, etc.)
• rejected
• addressed political power
Questions
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Notes:
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Reformation
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1. Causes of the Reformation
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A. secular Renaissance ideas challenge church
________________________________________________________
authority
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B. powerful popes spent money on art and wars
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C. illiterate priests were often immoral
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2. Reformation
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B. King Henry VIII starts Anglican Church (Church
________________________________________________________
of England)
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C. French theologian John Calvin develops
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protestant ideology
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3. Effects of the Reformation
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A. religious wars broke out across Europe
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B. both Protestants and Catholics improve education
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C. Catholic Church reforms itself
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i. Ignatius of Loyola leads Catholic Reformation
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ii. Council of Trent – meeting that made church
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doctrine
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D. Catholic Church lost political and moral authority
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E. led to monarchs and states gaining power
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Scientific Revolution
Review
Questions
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Notes:
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Scientific Revolution
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Scientific Revolution
Questions
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Notes:
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Scientific Revolution
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1. Roots of the Scientific Revolution
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a. Renaissance – scholars studied classical ideas of
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science
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b. Age of Exploration – contact with new people and
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new ideas
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c. Reformation – ended church control of education
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The Scientific Revolution
200 BC
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Ancient Greeks
• ancient Greek philosopher
• started the idea of geocentric
universe
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Ptolemy
1300
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The Scientific Revolution
200 BC
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Middle Ages
1200
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The Scientific Revolution
200 BC
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Renaissance
Nicolaus Copernicus
(1543)
Questions
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Notes:
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Scientific Revolution
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1. Roots of the Scientific Revolution
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a. Renaissance – scholars studied classical ideas of
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science
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b. Age of Exploration – contact with new people and
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new ideas
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c. Reformation – ended church control of education
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2. The Scientific Revolution
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a. scholars observed natural world and questioned
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old beliefs
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b. Nicolaus Copernicus – sun at center of universe
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On 31 October 1992, Pope John Paul II
expressed regret for how the Galileo
affair was handled, and officially
conceded that the Earth was not
stationary.
Galileo Galilei
Questions
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Notes:
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Scientific Revolution
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1. Roots of the Scientific Revolution
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a. Renaissance – scholars studied classical ideas of
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science
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b. Age of Exploration – contact with new people and
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new ideas
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c. Reformation – ended church control of education
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2. The Scientific Revolution
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a. scholars observed natural world and questioned
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old beliefs
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b. Nicolaus Copernicus – sun at center of universe
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c. Galileo Galilei – built telescope and observed the
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universe
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Leaders of the Scientific Revolution
Isaac Newton –
theory of
gravity
Francis Bacon –
encouraged
empiricism
(experiments
and conclusions)
Rene Descartes –
used mathematics
and logic
Questions
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Notes:
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Scientific Revolution
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1. Roots of the Scientific Revolution
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a. Renaissance – scholars studied classical ideas of
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science
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b. Age of Exploration – contact with new people and
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new ideas
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c. Reformation – ended church control of education
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2. The Scientific Revolution
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a. scholars observed natural world and questioned
________________________________________________________
old beliefs
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b. Nicolaus Copernicus – sun at center of universe
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c. Galileo Galilei – built telescope and observed the
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universe
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d. Scientific Method – hypothesis, experiment,
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observation, and conclusion
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e. Francis Bacon – encouraged empiricism
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(experiments and conclusions)
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f. Rene Descartes – used mathematics and logic
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g. Isaac Newton – theory of gravity
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Questions
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Notes:
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Scientific Revolution
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1. Roots of the Scientific Revolution
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2. The Scientific Revolution
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a. scholars observed natural world and questioned
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old beliefs
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b. Nicolaus Copernicus – sun at center of universe
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c. Galileo Galilei – built telescope and observed the
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universe
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d. Scientific Method – hypothesis, experiment,
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observation, and conclusion
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e. Francis Bacon – encouraged empiricism
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(experiments and conclusions)
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f. Rene Descartes – used mathematics and logic
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g. Isaac Newton – theory of gravity
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3. Effects of the Scientific Revolution
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a. a new way of looking at the world
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b. “tools” developed for studying people and society
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c. Europeans make advances in medicine and
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science
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