Unit 3 Global
Interactions
Section 1
Early Japan and Feudalism
Geography
 Archipelago
 Impact on Japanese life:
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Mountainous – terrace farming
Fishing industry
Lived in river valleys
Isolated and protected
Religion
Shintoism – respect and honor nature
Also Zen Buddhism and Confucianism
Influenced by China and Korea
Japanese Feudalism
Emperor
Shogun
Daimyo
Samurai
Peasants and Artisans
Merchants
Tokugawa Shogunate
 Centralized gov’t
 Economic prosperity – ^food production,
trade
 Culture traits – Zen gardens and tea
ceremonies and haiku
Sec. 2 Mongols and Their Impact
 Mongols – nomads of Central Asia
 Location – grasslands of Central Asia
 Date:1200
 Genghis Khan – 1,100’s ruled empire; great
conquerors b/c skilled horsemen, bowmen and
advanced weapon technology
 Grandsons
 Batu and the Golden Horde – conquered pts of Russia
 Kubla Khan – conquered parts of China – Yuan Dynasty
 Pax Mongolia – time of peace in empire
 Impact on Russia – absolutism and isolation prevented Russia from progressing
Sec. 3 Global Trade/Interactions
 Expansion of Chinese Trade
 Han Dynasty – Silk Road – China to Russia and
Asia Minor
 Zeng He of Ming Dynasty
 Goals: promote Chinese trade and collect
tribute from less powerful lands
 Traveled: SE Asia, around coast of India and
Arabian Peninsula to port cities of East Africa
 Canton – an important center for global trade
Major Trade Routes
 Across Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea – Asia
and East Africa
 Land routes linked Asia, Middle East, North
Africa, and Europe; China and the Silk Road
through Russia and Constantinople
 Mediterranean Sea – Middle East to Europe
Resurgence of European Trade
 - impact of Crusades: cultural diffusion
between Europe and East
 Rise of Italian city states – Venice, Genoa,
Florence
 Trade fairs and growth of cities
 Hanseatic League – union of traders and
merchants in Germany:
 Portugal established posts in Africa, India,
Japan and China – spice trade
The Plague – Black Death (mid 1300’s)
 Began in China and spread through mid East,
Africa and Europe
 Results:
 1.↓ in population
 2. economic decline
 3. break down of social classes and
feudalism
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Resurgence of Europe 1,000-1300
Commercial Revolution – business revolution in
Europe after the Middle Ages
Rise of middle class
↑in trade, ↑ in towns/cities,
Development of guilds led to
 1.↑ quality of goods
 2. provided social services for members (hospitals
and aid to widows)
 3. regulated hours and wages
 4. masters and apprentices
Commercial Revolution 1300-1700
 ↑ capitalism
 New business practices
1.partnership and joint stock companies
2.rise in banking
3.insurance
Renaissance 1300-1500
rebirth in learning
 Humanism – focus on the individual
Important People of Renaissance
 DaVinci - Painter, sculptor, inventor, Mona
Lisa
 Michelangelo – Sculptor, Sistine Chapel,
Statue of David
 Dante Author – Divine Comedy
 Shakespeare Comedies and tragedies
 Machiavelli -Author of The Prince (how to
gain and maintain power)
Invention of printing press – 1400
1.↑books
2. ↑literacy
3. →cultural diffusion
Reformation and Counter Reformation
Protestant Reformation 1500’s
Causes:
1.Renaissance
2.strong monarchs
3.problems w/ church (corruption in church,
taxes, selling indulgences)
Leaders:
Martin Luther and 95 Theses
John Calvin – Calvinism
Henry VIII- Anglican Church
Effects of Reformation
1. division in church – Protestant
churches
2. rise of anti-semitism
3. witch-hunt
Counter Reformation
Reforms in the Catholic Church
Pope Paul III - reform Catholic Church
Council of Trent 1545
reaffirmed beliefs
end abuses
set up schools for clergy
Rise of Nation States
 End of feudal era and beginning of European
boundaries. England and France
 Common Law – law that is the same for all people
 Magna Carta – 1215 – limited powers of king
 Parliament becomes representative assembly
 Anglican Church becomes official church of England
under Henry the VIII (1588)
African Civilizations
 Ghana
 Gold/salt trade West African states
 Strong Military – expanded empire
 Muslim influence in gov’t, and culture
 Mali
- Mansa Musa
- Gold Trade
- Muslim influence –laws based on Quran
- University at Timbuktu
 Songhai
 West Africa
 Expanded trade route to Europe and Asia
 Muslim Influence
 Axum
 Linked Africa to India and Mediterranean world
 Jewish and Christian influence
 Contributions:
Art – ivory, wood, bronze, jewelry
Literature – histories and folk tales in oral tradition
and written form
Education – university of Timbuktu becomes great
center for learning
Contributions:
Art – ivory, wood, bronze, jewelry
Literature – histories and folk tales in
oral tradition and written form
Education – university of Timbuktu
becomes great center for learning