The Protestant Reformation
(1450-1565)
A Change in Religion…
The Catholic Church’s Problems
• Charges of greed
(Indulgences)
• Weariness of the
constraints it enforced
• Catholic church
becomes defensive in
the face of criticism
The Catholic Church’s Problems Part 2
• Corruption of the
Renaissance Popes
(Borgia Family)
• The controversy over
the sale of
indulgences
New Ideas?
New Cultural Ideas
• Better educated,
urban population was
more critical of the
Church than peasants.
• Renaissance
monarchs were
growing impatient
with the power of the
Church
New Technological Ideas
• Moveable type was
invented in 1450 by
Johann Gutenberg
• Manufacture of paper
becomes easier and
cheaper
• Helped spread ideas
before Catholics could
squash them
Political Changes in Europe
Turmoil, Deception, Conflict…
Germany
• Luther troubled by
the sale of
indulgences
• Friar Tetzel sold
indulgences in
Wittenberg in 1517
• Luther posts his 95
Theses on October 31,
1517
Germany
• Pope ignored Luther
at first.
• Luther attacks the
Pope and his order of
excommunication
• Luther hides in 1521
• The Peace of
Augsburg and Division
of Germany
England
• Henry VIII marries 6
different women, 5
marriages annulled by
Catholic Church
• Henry creates the
Church of England
and runs it (Anglican)
Reformation Ideas
Martin Luther’s Teachings
• Salvation by Faith
Alone and Authority
of the Scriptures
Alone
• All people should be
able to obtain heaven
• Indulgences should
not guarantee heaven
John Calvin’s Teaching
• Predestination
• More of a stress on
works than Luther
• Communion and
Baptism – Acts were
very important to
salvation
The Counter-Reformation:
The Catholic Response
Ingredients Of Response
POPE PIUS IV
• Created the idea of
“The Inquisition”
• Religious warfare and
a new Bible
• Ruled over the
Council of Trent –
Clarification of Church
Doctorines
• He was a member of
the DeMedici family
Results of the Reformation
• Christian Church was
splintered in the West
• 100 Years’ War
• Right of Rebellion by
Jesuits and Calvinists
• Pope’s power
increased
Results of Reformation
• Witch craze swept
Europe, Between
1561-1670, 13,000
people were executed
as witches
• Possible reasons for
this witchcraft craze –
Religious Overload?
Assignment
• Use your notes to create a Concept Map of
the Reformation.
• Your Concept Map should have the Title –
“REFORMATION”
• Your Concept Map should have at least 15
detail bubbles coming off of the Title Bubble