S5 Accuracy
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Today’s Topic
Security
Hardware &
Software
IS Basics
Information
Quality
Types of IS
Systems
Development
PowerPoint
Spreadsheet
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& Design
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-nications
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Crossfunctional &
Interorganizational
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Excel
Access
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Spreadsheet
Design
Simplicity
Layout
Choices
Efficiency
includes
Clarity
Accuracy
Formulas
Functions
Macros
Verifiability
Basic Formatting
Conditional Formatting
Freeze Panes
Page Setup
Sorting
Charts
implemented with
Documentation
Data Validation
Protection
Formulas
Functions
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Define the accuracy goal.
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Apply the spreadsheet design goal of
accuracy.
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SUM Function
AVERAGE Function
MIN & MAX Functions
COUNT Function
3D Calculations
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Range Name
Change Legend
Change Axis
Add Data Series
‘Other’ Pie Slice
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Know the order of operations.
Select the correct function or construct the
correct formula. (Choose a function over a
formula.)
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Isolate assumptions.
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Check relative and absolute cell references.
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Double-check all calculations.
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Parentheses
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Multiplication and Division
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Addition and Subtraction
1.
6/2*4=
2.
3+2*2–1=
3.
( 2 * 5 ) + 15 / 5 =

Formula
◦ created by you
◦ = A1 + A10
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Function
◦ keyword defined by Microsoft
◦ =SUM(A1:D1)
◦ Functions are more flexible than formulas
If you delete Row 5
=SUM(C3:C5)
=B3+B4+B5+B6
=SUM(C3:C6)
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=cell reference
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Used to transfer data from one cell to another
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Benefit over copy & paste: redundant
location is dynamic
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SUM

AVERAGE
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MIN and MAX
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COUNT
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Store numbers in cells
Write equations to point to cells containing
numbers
Assumption
=E2+3 is incorrect
=E2+H2 is correct
How Do You Spend Your Study Time?
How Do You Spend Your Day?
Cell Address
Reference
Changes when Copied
A1
Relative
Vertically or Horizontally
$A$1
Absolute
Never
$A1
Mixed
Vertically
A$1
Mixed
Horizontally
The cell addresses in the copied calculation
may change.
Any changes are made according to the
direction and distance of the destination cell
from the original source cell.

Is the formula entered going to be copied?
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If so, which direction?
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If it’s copied vertically, do you want the row
references to change? If it’s copied
horizontally, do you want the column
references to change?
Do you want such a change to take place?
Start
Stop
Copy
Formula?
Yes
Yes
Change
Rows?
Vertical
Vertical or
Horizontal?
No
Stop
Yes
Horizontal
Change
Columns?
No
No
Enter $ before
row numbers
that should
not change
Enter $ before
column letters
that should
not change
=SUM(B2:D2)
1.
2.
3.
Will you copy this function?
If so, which direction: vertical or horizontal?
If you copy vertically, Excel will automatically
change all relative row references. Do you want
those row references to change?
How Do You Spend Your Study Time?

What equations would you use to calculate
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Weighted Credits for each course
Total Semester Credits
Total Semester Weight Credits
GPA
Remember to:
◦ Choose a function over a formula
◦ Isolate assumptions
◦ Check relative and absolute cell references
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IF function displays one of two possible values
depending on the outcome of a logical test
Logical Test compares two things
If the Logical Test equates to TRUE, the cell is
filled with the True Value.
If the Logical Test equates to FALSE, the cell is
filled with the False Value.

If a course requires more than 3 hours of
study time per week, we will label it HARD.
Three or less hours of study is labeled EASY.
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What cell is used for the logical test?
What is the logical test?
What is the true value? False value?
3
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Use the IF function
to assign Pass/Fail
grades.
=IF(V4>=.6,”P”,”F”)