Instructor: Evgeniy Kuksin
Preformed by: Ziv Landesberg
Duration: 1 semester

Create a FIR filter that can process pulses from
photon counting detectors and perform Peak
Detection using NI Labview FPGA.



The project is completed!
Final clock rate – 125MHz (due A/D)
Successfully processing 4 channel
simultaneously
Photons
FPGA
𝐶𝐹
+
ADC
Shaper
Peak
Detector
Readout
To PC
Signal generator
(Preamplifier emulator)
A\D
NI 5761
14 bit
125 MHz
FPGA(125MHz)


Trapezoidal can achieve optimal noise
performance from signal. Trapezoidal Shaper,
unlike many analog pulse shaper, immune to
“ballistic deficit”, that causes energy distortion
in the spectrum.
Trapezoidal shaper can not be implemented by
analog circuits.

The Coefficients were calculated by the method
at the article of “On nuclear spectrometry
pulses digital shaping and processing” , the
biexponential pulse part.
the method is to inverse the transfer function of
the pulse(making it a digital delta) , and then
convolute the delta with a trapezoid. Due to
the fact that both the inverse function of the
pulse and the trapezoid were finite length , the
resulted filter was FIR.
Calc trapez
impulse
response
Delete zeroes
from output
Calc invers
function of
pulse



The input signal was generated at 2 main stages :
1) create an array with Poisson distributed digital
delta’s in it. It was done by the Poisson noise
generator, that each event was transformed to
delta, and each none event was transformed to
zero.
2 ) transfer the deltas to linear rising- exponential
decaying pulse, was done simply by convoluting
the array with the response of such pulse(with cutoff values lower than exp(-10 ))
Convolut
deltas with
wanted
shape
Shape of a pulse
Impulse
generating
Impulses
Wanted shape
Resulted signal
The building of the filter in Labview was done
using the fir template already existing in the
program.
So first stage was to create a fds file to generate
filter from it.
The second stage was to use the automatic filter
generation
Distributed
arithmetic
does not
use DSP
units !
Input signal
Shaped signal
Input signal
Shaped signal
Result of shaper with
ballistic defflict
histogram
Current
Next shper (8 rise time)
6 rise time shaper
Mean-60
80
60
3
40
2
20
1
0
0
140
2
4
6
8
10
Mean-120
0
0
4
2
4
Std-120
6
8
10
3
120
100
2
80
1
60
40
0
20
0
0
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Std-60
4
0
2
Mean-140
4
6
8
10
2
4
6
8
10
Std-140
4
3
2
1
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
Rise time:
1
6
8
3.5
1.9
1.9
mean_60 60
60
60
3.2
1.9
1.8
123.5
125
1.9
1.8
142.5
144.5
std_60
std_120
mean 120 121
std_140
3.7
mean_140 140
mean
std
3.5
160
3
140
2.5
120
2
100
std_60
1.5
std_120
1
std_140
80
60
mean
_60
mean
_120
mean
_140
40
0.5
20
0
0
channel
0
1
2
3
0.5
1
1.5
std_60
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
2
2.5
mean_60
60
60
60
60
3
3.5
std_120
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
0
0
1
mean_120
122.5
122.5
122.5
122.5
2
std_140
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3
mean_140
142
142
142
141
4


The shaper which is most resistance to noise is
the 16 length, with 8(sample) rise time. But
apparently he is effected by quantization effect,
and he caused distortion in pulses heights(
probably because they have different rise time)
The 8 length shaper is nearly unaffected by
quantization effect, and is the not distortive .
The third filter is kind of the middle between
them, with low noise and low distortion.

The final system is operating at 125MHz due to
the clock rate of the A/D(can only be 125MHz
or 250MHz). However the “bottle neck” of the
system is the FIFO to the host, so in order to
increase throughput we could create the
histogram of the peak detector on the FPGA
himself, and send it to the host(needs slower
FIFO to do it).