THE SERBIAN RADON MAPPING PROJECT:
OVERVIEW, STATUS, FURTHER PLANS
Žunić, Z. S.1, Bossew, P.2, Carpentieri C.3, Veselinović, N.1,Tollefsen T.,
Radanović, S.4, Čuknić, O.5, Udovičić, V.6, Filipović J.1,
Ujic P.1, Stojanovska Z.7,Celikovic I.1, Bochicchio, F.3
1 ECE
Lab., Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia
Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz German Federal Office for Radiation Protection div. SW 1.1, Germany
3 Italian National Institute of Health, Italy
4Economic Association for Production, Processing and Transport, Kolubara Mining Basen Ltd., Lazrevac, Serbia
5 Public Company Nuclear Facilities of Serbia, Serbia
6 Low-Background Laboratory for Nuclear Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Serbia
7 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, TFYR of Macedonia,
2
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
Beginning of the study
Radon project objectivites:
•Determination of national
geographical distribution
of indoor radon
•Corelation with geology and
building characteristic
•Identification/prediction of
high exposure situations
•Development of appropriate
remedial/preventative measures
•To improve public perception of
environmental radioactivity
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
Periods of investigation:
Period I-HOUSES: Overview 1997-2008
1.1997-1999 (Kalna (Rn),Gornja Stubla (Rn & Tn),
Adriatric Coast (Rn);
Montenegro
2.2003-2007 (Bujanovac, Zlatibor, Han Pijesak,
Hydrometereological stations, Niska Banja, Obrenovac (Rn & Tn)
Period II-HOUSES AND SCHOOLS: Overview 2007-2011
1.2007-2011 (Houses of North Kosovo, Central Kosovo and Prizren
region (Rn & Tn))
2.2008-2010 (Schools in Pčinjski district, Jablanički district and
Zaječarski district (Rn & Tn))
Period III-HOUSES: Current status and further plans
2009-2012
1.2011-2012 Current project - Houses of Sokobanja (Rn & Tn,
Rn/Tn progeny), ONION model
2.2009-2012 Houses of Kosovo
3.Integration of Serbian data into the European indoor Radon map
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
ECE history
ECE Lab, transfered from NIRS (Chiba, Japan) and founded at Vinca
Institute,
March 17, 2003
II ECE workshop,
I ECE workshop,
’’The new perspectives for thoron
’’Promotion of ECE Lab’’,
survey and dosimetry’’,
2003, Belgrade
2005, Niška Banja, South Serbia
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
IV ECE workshop
’’Status of work related to radon in Serbia:
ongoing projects, international collaboration and plans’’,
2011, Kragujevac, Central Serbia
III ECE workshop
’’First Results of the Serbian Radon
(Risk Mapping) Survey ’’,
2010, Beograd and Sokobanja
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
DETECTORS
Type of
detector
Radionuclide
Origin
Used in
period:
UFO
Rn/Tn
Chiba,
Japan
•1998.-1999.
•2003. - 2007.
RADUET
Rn/Tn
Chiba,
Japan
•2005.-2012.
CR-39
ISS
Rn
ISS,
Italy
•2008.-2012.
Rn/Tn
progeny
Rn/Tn
progeny
BABHA
Center,
India
•2010.-2012.
UFO
Rn/Tn progeny
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
RADUET
CR-39
Period I: 1997-2003-2007
Nine field locations: (Rn or Rn&Tn) with Number of houses
Field site
Radionuclide
Number
of
houses
Kalna
Rn
75
Montenegro
Adriatic Coast
Rn
78
Gornja Stubla
Rn&Tn
65
Bujanovac
Rn&Tn
16
Zlatibor
Rn&Tn
12
Han Pjesak
Rn&Tn
39
Hydro
Meteorological
Station (HMS)
Rn&Tn
24
Niška Banja
Rn&Tn
65
Obrenovac
(TENTB)
Rn&Tn
19
Total
393
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Investigated areas since 1997 to 1999 (Rn)
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
High Thoron and High Radon: Gornja Stubla (Kosovo)
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
Investigated areas since 1997 to 2007 (Rn&Tn)
Radon effective equvalent doses
in investigated rural Balkan communities
Han Pijesak
EED Radon
(mSv yr -
HMS
60
Bujanovac
50
Zlatibor
TENT B
Eff. Equ. Dose
1
)
40
Niška Banja
30
Gornja Stubla
20
10
0
MIN
AR. MEAN
Concentration
MAX
(Bq m -3)
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
Investigated areas since 1997 to 2007 (Rn&Tn)
Thoron effective equvalent doses
in investigated rural Balkan communities
Han Pijesak
EED Thoron
Eff. Equ. Dose. (mSv yr -1)
HMS
Bujanovac
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Zlatibor
TENT B
Niška Banja
Gornja Stubla
MIN
AR. MEAN
Concentration (Bq m -3)
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
MAX
Radon issue in schools of Serbia
– the activities from May 2008 to 2011-
ORGANIZATION
CONTACTS
CONTRACTS
FIELD
ACTIVITY
FIELD WORK
REPORTS
DETECTORS
DELIVERY
LABORATORY
WORK
RESULTS
MAPPING
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
Preparation before
field work in schools
II Administrative
implementation
I Design implementation
•Contact with municipality: Rn
survey performed in exchange for
logistic support
Logistical implementation
III Logistical implementation
•Visiting of the area,
deployment/collection of detectors,
informing local authorities about
progress
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
•Select schools; In schools: select
room; In room: select location.
Communicate to teachers:
purpose, method, how to treat the
detectors, etc.
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
Field work in schools
Protocol and database
Each site is represented by a file consisting of
protocol (one for each visit) and data sheet.
The protocol includes for following data:
• Site: district, municipality, village, name of
school;
• GPS coordinates (map if aveilable)
• Type of room, floor level, location of detector
in the room;
• Date of detector deployment or collection;
• Detector codes;
• (observations, remarks).
Information on school and municipality:
• School: construction year, construction type (building material), photo;
• School: number of pupils and teachers;
• Municipality: area and population of municipality, number of schools;
• Administrative data and documents.
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
Location of detectors in clasrooms
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
School building types in rural regions
Goločevac,
community Trgovište
Blendija,
community Sokobanja
Belut,
community Bosilegrad
Measurement technique
•Detectors: CR-39, supplied to Vinča institute by F.
Bochiccio, Institut Superiore di Sanita, Rome
•Each school: ≥ 2 ground floor rooms, in each
room 2 detectors.
Exposure ½ year, then a new pair of detectors.
•Detector locations:
1. Cupboards, shelves
2. wall
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
Kosančić
community Bojnik
Number of used detectors in schools
District
Community
Number of
schools
Preševo
Bujanovac
Trgovište
Pčinjski
Bosilegrad
Vranje
Vladičin Han
Surdulica
Zaječarski
Sokobanja
Medveđa
Bojnik
Jablanički
Lebane
Vlasotince
Crna Trava
Total
32
39
19
25
60
23
18
30
6
19
26
36
6
Number of detectors
(exposed for 2 x 6
months)
2526
339
Number of detectors
Missed
(exposed for 12 months)
detectors
151
42
2719
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
Annual radon concentration
Summary for each district
Region
N
schools
Average
(Bq/m3)
StDev
(Bq/m3)
StErr
(Bq/m3)
Min
(Bq/m3)
Max
(Bq/m3)
Median
(Bq/m3)
GM
(Bq/m3)
GSD
Zaječarski
26
87
45
9
37
202
73
78
1.6
Jablanički
91
93
46
5
17
289
86
84
1.6
Pčinjski
210
134
88
6
27
607
109
111
1.9
78
4
17
607
97
100
1.8
Total
327
119
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
Spatial estimate
-360000
Column N: ln(z)
Direction: 0.0 Tolerance: 90.0
-380000
0.6
0.5
-400000
Variogram
0.4
0.3
-420000
ln(C, Bq/m³) GM (Bq/m³)
Sokobanja
0.2
-440000
0.1
5.6
270
5.4
220
5.2
180
5
150
4.8
120
4.6
100
0
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Lag Distance
-460000
Bojnik
-480000
 FIRST RESULTS
ON INDOOR
RADON SURVEY
IN SERBIAN
SCHOOLS
Medvedja
-500000
Borsilegrad
-520000
Trgoviste
Presevo
-540000
-560000
980000 1000000 1020000 1040000 1060000 1080000 1100000 1120000
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
4.4
4.2
80
60
REPRESENTATIVITY PROBLEMS
schools
type 1: ca.
1900-1930
new
• Is geographical distribution of
schools representative for the local
population or for the territory?
type 2:
ca. a1960-1980
old
residential
houses
new
If the measurement results shall
represent the exposure of the
population or spatial mean Rn:
old
• Location of schools in villages?
• Types of school buildings vs.
residental
buildings?
• Location of detectors witin
classroom?
old
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
old
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
„Onion“ design
3 zones:
1) circle, area = 1 km²
2) circle, area = 2 km²
3) whole town
confidence interval of
estimated mean, based on
spatial variability model
vicinity
no. houses
expected CI(p=0.05)
U1
6 houses
26%
U2
5+6 = 11 houses
21%
U3
4+5+6 = 15 houses
23%
U3
approx. limit
of town
U3
approx. limit
of town
school
U2
U1
U2
U1
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
school
First results – houses in Sokobanja
Summary statistics
(Hale formula)
n
AM
SD
CV
GM
GSD
ACC(%)
Čitluk
7
68.1
30.7
0.45
61.5
1.67
18
Bogdinac
5
28.0
27.6
0.99
17.5
3.31
188
Trubarevac
7
80.0
59.4
0.74
63.8
2.04
37
Sokobanja
2
32.0
21.2
0.66
28.3
2.05
83
Resnik
6
39.8
38.9
0.98
30.0
2.13
47
Jošanica
7
51.3
64.0
1.25
27.9
3.15
127
Žučkovac
4
28.3
12.4
0.44
26.3
1.54
17
Beli Potok
5
27.6
12.8
0.46
25.4
1.57
16
mean CV = 0.75
very high!!
expected  0.55
should be below ca.
20-25%
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012
for now:
all values used:
ground floor, first floor
distributions appear
neither normal nor lognormal
Integration Serbian data into the European
indoor Radon map - current status
altogether ca. 800,000 measurements used.
INFORMATION OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT CYCLE 2011-2014
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE REGARDING RADON RISK MAPPING IN SERBIA:
41028: AN INTEGRAL STUDY TO IDENTIFY THE REGIONAL GENETIC AND ENVIROMENTAL RISK
FACTORS FOR THE COMMON NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN THE HUMAN POPULATION OF
SERBIA
43002: BIOSENSING TECHNOLOGY AND GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR THE CONTINUOS RESEARCH AND
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF THE ECOSYSTEMS
Conclusion
1. To identified high radon zone
2. High radon and high thoron – Gornja Stubla
3. Simultaneously exposure of diferent detectors
4. ONION model – testing
5. Integration Serbian data into EU Atlas of NR
6. International colaboration
RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012