Montenegro
Ministry of Economy
Energy sector of Montenegro
- present situation and future plans -
Author:
Božidar Pavlović
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Content
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Strategic guidelines
Legal framework
Energy production/consumption
Energy indicatiors for Montenegro
RES potential in Montenegro
EE potential in montenegro
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Strategic guidelines
• Energy is identified as one of the main factors of
economic development
• Main priorities and key strategic guidelines of
energy policy are: security in terms of energy
suply, development of competitive energy market
and sustainable energy development
• Strategic documents in the field of energy:
– Energy Policy of Montenegro until 2030 (from 2010)
– Energy Development Strategy of Montenegro until 2025
(the document is currently updated) (from 2007)
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Legal framework
• Membership in the Energy Community and the obligation
related to implementation of certain directives and regulations
for Montenegro represents a mitigating circumstance in terms of
defining the legal framework
• Legislative framework in the field of
energy is relatively new and the
work on defining the regulatory
framework for certain areas is
intensive
• Legislative framework in the field of
energy:
– Law on Energy (May 2010)
– Law on Energy Efficiency (May
2010)
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Law on Energy - transposed
• Directive 2001/77/EC of on the promotion of electricity
produced from renewable energy sources in the internal
electricity market;
• Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of
energy from renewable sources and amending Directive
2001/77/EC and Directive 2003/30/EC
• Directive 2005/89/EC measures to safeguard security of
electricity supply and infrastructure investment;
• Directive 2004/8/EC on the promotion of cogeneration
based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy
market
• Directive 2009/119/EC imposing an obligation on
Member States to maintain minimum stocks of crude oil
and/or petroleum products
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Law on Energy – new obligations
• Directive 2003/30/EC on the promotion of the
use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for
transport
• Third package of legislation for the internal
energy market (EU) - deadline by January 1st,
2015.
– Directive 2009/72/EC on common rules for the
internal electricity market
– Directive 2009/73/EC (13 July 2009) on common
rules for the internal market in natural gas
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Law on Energy Efficiency - transposed
• Directive 2006/32/EC on energy end-use
efficiency and energy services
• Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy
performance of buildings repealing Directive
2002/91/EC
• Directive 92/75/EEC on the energy labeling of
household apliances, and associated
implementation directives for individual
appliances
• Directive 2005/32/EC establishing a framework
for the setting of ecodesign requirements for
energy–using products
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Law on Energy Efficiency – new obligations
• In a meantime all 4 mentioned directives are repealed, and
Montenegro have obligation to harmonize developed
legislation with requirements of the new directives:
– Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency, amending Directives
2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives
2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC
– Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings
repealing Directive 2002/91/EC
– Directive 2010/30/EU on the indication by labelling and standard
product information of the consumption of energy and other
resources by energy-related products (recast) and implementing
regulations
– Directive 2009/125/EC establishing a framework for the setting
of eco design requirements for energy-related products (recast)
and implementing regulations
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Legal framework - priorities
• Regarding the legal framework the work plan
priorities should be as follows:
– Transposition and steps towards the implementation
of the Third Package on the Internal Market in
accordance with stated Decision,
– Transposition of the requirements of the new
directives in the field of energy efficiency,
– Preparation and implementation of Action Plans for
energy efficiency and renewable energy,
– Expansion of the Acquis to rules on energy statistics,
RES and oil reserves
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Institutional framework
• Ministry of Economy (ME) is the ministry responsible for energy,
Within the ME three sector cover energy issues: Sector for Energy,
Sector for Energy Efficiency and Sector for Mining and Geological
Explorations.
• Energy Regulatory Agency (ERA) has authorisation to regulate the
energy sector in Montenegro, in accordance with the Law.
• Elektroprivreda Crne Gore (EPCG AD) is the holder of three
licenses for: (i) generation, (ii) distribution of electricity and
distribution system operator (DSO) and (iii) supply of electricity
• Crnogorski elektroprenosni sistem Crne Gore (CGES AD) was
unbundled from EPCG AD in 2009. CGES AD owns two licenses: for
transmission system operator (TSO) and transmission of electricity.
• Crnogorski operator tržišta električne energije (COTE Ltd) was
unbundled from CGES AD in December 2010 with the Decision of
the Government of Montenegro and own a license for electricity
market operator.
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Gross domestic energy consumption
1990-2010 (PJ)
60.000
50.000
1.56
1.83 2.76
14.21
2.48
17.81
22.91
23.40
19.53
18.82
19.31
19.13
19.12
18.69
16.36
15.00
13.64
16.94
17.53
3.14
40.000
30.000
2.12
Stock change +
international bunkers
Net import (import-export)
28.92
18.57
25.11
19.68
23.08
2006
24.48
2004
21.64
22.59
2003
2005
22.60
21.51
2000
2002
21.48
1999
18.87
22.20
1998
19.02
10.000
22.07
20.000
-10.000
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
2010
2009
2008
2007
2001
1997
1990
-
Primary production +
recovered products
Gross domestic consumption by carier
1990-2010 (PJ)
60.000
9.32
2.02
4.63
2003
2004
2005
2006
15.72
19.59
19.34
0.000
2001
Solid biomass and wastes
(RES) *)
2007
2008
2009
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Hydro
Oil derivats
17.56
2002
10.53
15.97
15.13
3.83
6.65
6.44
4.77
14.41
13.51
2000
11.99
1999
9.94
Electricity (Net
import/export and
exchange with RS)
7.46
13.76
13.82
1998
10.33
13.29
10.55
13.53
12.17
10.000
1997
13.68
12.92
13.73
14.60
13.00
12.36
10.14
16.22
5.19
1990
6.30
6.72
2.02
6.39
1.79
20.000
8.06
5.55
16.91
6.12
5.54
2.02
8.63
3.96
2.02
2.02
15.64
1.45
6.43
4.67
5.71
2.15
2.02
14.71
6.18
1.43
1.59
2.31
16.00
1.37
1.39
6.08
30.000
3.65
4.98
2.05
3.26
3.57
4.78
40.000
7.33
6.79
50.000
2010
Coal
Final energy consumption by sector
1990-2010 (PJ)
40.000
11.04
10.02
11.68
11.65
7.16
7.20
1990
Households, commerce,
pub. auth. etc.
Transport
14.43
15.33
9.57
10.94
11.01
9.30
8.25
14.62
9.77
6.99
14.47
10.01
6.36
13.76
10.13
5.73
13.39
9.27
5.57
13.05
8.85
6.86
12.15
8.52
7.74
11.23
8.03
7.20
10.34
8.17
6.18
8.42
10.60
5.000
4.31
10.000
16.22
15.000
10.83
20.000
5.48
25.000
7.02
30.000
10.80
35.000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Industry
Gross electricity supply
1990-2010 (PJ)
20.000
18.000
16.000
4.77
14.000
6.43
9.94
3.83
5.07
2.48
4.64
3.10
4.33
3.59
3.85
4.31
4.42
2.61
3.01
4.10
4.000
2.000
-
1990
Net import (import - export) *)
Hydro power plants (HPP Perućica, HPP Piva, sHPP)
Thermal power plant (TPP Pljevlja)
7.46
4.63
5.55
6.30
5.71
3.84
3.96
6.12
3.73
6.39
6.18
3.44
5.19
6.000
3.65
8.000
6.72
4.98
6.79
9.32
8.06
10.000
4.78
6.44 6.65
4.67 6.08 7.33
3.57 3.26
5.54
12.000
0.01
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
Energy Indicators (2008-2010)
No.
Indicator
Unit
2008
2009
2010
Energy intensity 2 (EI2): Final energy
consumption / GDP
(MJ/000 EUR2000)
22.751,64
20.168,25
20.032,39
2
Final electricity consumption per GDP
(kWh/000 EUR2000)
2.425,73
2.015,71
2.214,64
3
Final energy consumption per capita
GJ/capita
56,91
47,36
47,69
4
Final electricity consumption per capita
kWh/capita
6.068,16
4.733,38
5.272,76
5
Share of gross electricity production
from RES in gross electricity
consumption
(%)
32,66
54,21
66,21
6
Share of energy produced from RES in
gross final energy consumption
(GFEC)
(%)
19,53
28,74
36,28
7
Emission of CO2 per capita
t CO2/capita
4,83
3,34
4,66
Emission of CO2 per unit of GDP
(kg CO2/EUR2000)
1,93
1,42
1,96
1
8
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
RES potential in Montenegro
- consumption in 2008 -
Figure 3.14: Gross inland consumption by energy
form in 2008 (PJ, %)
Solid biomass
and waste
(RES)*) 2.02 PJ;
4%
Electrical
energy (import
and exchange)
6.79 PJ; 14%
Coal 15.64 PJ;
32%
Hydro energy
5.55 PJ; 11%
Oil derivats
19.59 PJ;
39%
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
RES potential in Montenegro
- HPP • Hydropower: theoretical potential 10.6 –
10.8 TWh; technical potential 4.1 – 5
TWh
• Project of construction of hydropower
plants on Moraca river (4 power plants
with installed capacity of 242 MW;
annual energy production of 620-720
GWh; construction costs around 480
million euros). The last tender for the
system of HPPs on the Moraca river
failed (September 2011).
• Process of valorization of the potential of
the Komarnica river (168 MW of installed
capacity; annual energy production of
232 GWh; construction costs around 160
million euros)
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
RES potential in Montenegro
- Small HPP and Wind • Projects of construction of small
hydro power plants (13
concessions were granted, 35
small hydro power plants were
planned with total power of 100
MW and annual production of 300
GWh)
•Project of construction of wind
power plants (2 concessions
were granted, with installed
capacity of 46 MW and 72 MW)
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
RES potential in Montenegro
- Solar • The horizontal insolation in Podgorica is
around 1,600 kWh/m2 yr
• Use of solar radiation for electricity generation
is not practically exploited:
– 5 kW PV is currently used in municipality of Perast
for charging of the electric cars and bicycles that are
used for public transport.
– The UN building in municipality of Podgorica, that is
under construction plans to install a 136 kW PV
power plant on the roof.
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
EE potential in Montenegro
• Energy efficiency is one of priorities of the new energy
policy
• Energy efficiency is recognised as a cost-effective and fast
way to increase security of energy supply and reduce the
greenhouse gases emissions responsible for climate
change.
• Two energy intensive industrial companies, the Aluminium
Plant Podgorica (KAP) and the Steel Works Plant in Niksic
consumed about 45%of the total final energy consumption
and 50% of final electricity consumption in 2008.
• Transport is also a significant energy consumer
contributing to about 28% of the final energy consumption
2008 with significant unexploited EE potential.
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
EE potential in Montenegro
• Bildings in households, commercial and public buildings
consumed about 30% of the final energy consumption
• Buildingsare characterized by poor energy performance
of constructions and technical systems, deficient
maintenance and low level of awareness among energy
consumers
• District heating and natural gas is not available which
results in use of electricity for space heating
• Solar thermal system are not used enough especialy in
south region
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
EE potential in Montenegro
- pilot projects • Energy efficiency projects
– Reconstructions of public buildings
(healthcare and educational) on the
basis of soft loans the government
took from the World Bank and KfW
Bank in the total amount of around
20 million euros. Around 50 public
buildings will be refurbished through
these projects
– Montesol – program of interest free
loans for households for installation
of solar systems for water heating.
The project is supported with a grant
in the amount of 1 million euros from
the Ministry for Environment, Land
and Sea of the Republic of Italy
through the United Nations
Environment Programme
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!
Contact:
Ministry of Economy
Rimski trg 46, 81000 Podgorica
bozidar.pavlovic@ee.me.org
ENERESE Workshop - Niš, 04.04.2013.