Anatomy and Physiology I
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
And
Upper Limb
Instructor: Mary Holman
Fig. 7.15a
Cranium
Skull
Hyoid
Face
Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Humerus
Axial Skeleton
Vertebral
column
Carpals
Ribs
Hip bone
Radius
Ulna
Appendicular
Skeleton
Metacarpals
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
(a)
Table 7.3
Axial Skeleton
• Skull
22 bones
– 8 cranial bones
– 14 facial bones
• Middle ear bones
• Hyoid
• Vertebral Column
6 bones
1 bone
26 bones
– 7 cervical vertebrae
– 12 thoracic vertebrae
– 5 lumbar vertebrae
– 1 sacrum
– 1 coccyx
• Thoracic Cage
– 24 ribs
– 1 sternum
25 bones
Total = 80 axial bones
Appendicular Skeleton
• Pectoral Girdle
• Upper Limbs
• Pelvic Girdle
• Lower Limbs
Total = 126 appendicular bones
The Pectoral Girdle
• Composed of 4 parts
– 2 scapulae (shoulder blades)
– 2 clavicles (collar bones)
• Does not form a closed ring
• Supports the upper limbs
• Attaches some of the muscles
that move the upper limbs
Articulation = Joint
The junction of two or more bones
Proximal = closer to core of body
Distal = further from core of body
Fig. 7.40a
Acromial end
Sternal end
Acromion process
Head of humerus
Clavicle
Pectoral Girdle
and its
Articulations
Coracoid process
Fig 7.15b
Sternum
Scapula
Rib
Costal
cartilage
Humerus
Anterior View
Ulna
Radius
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Right Clavicle
Superior View
From: Principles of Anatomy & Physiology Tortora & Grabowski 9th Ed. Pg 219
Fig. 7.41a
Right Scapula Posterior Surface
Superior
border
Suprascapular
notch
Coracoid
process
Acromion
process
Supraspinous
fossa
Glenoid
cavity
Spine
Infraspinous
fossa
Posterior View
Inferior angle
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 7.41b
Coracoid
process
Acromion
process
Spine
Glenoid
cavity
Lateral View
Right Scapula Lateral View
Supraglenoid
tubercle
Infraglenoid
tubercle
Lateral (axillary) border
Posterior
Anterior
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 7.41c
Right Scapula Anterior Surface
Acromion
process
Coracoid
process
Glenoid
cavity
Lateral
(axillary) border
Suprascapular
notch
Superior border
Subscapular
fossa
Medial
(vertebral)
border
Anterior View
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Anatomical Position
Skeletal system
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Muscular system
Fig. 7.42a
Palm Anterior
Right Arm
Anterior Views
Humerus
Palm Posterior
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or
display.
Fig. 7.43a
Greater tubercle
Intertubercular
groove
Head
Anatomical
neck
Lesser tubercle
Surgical
neck
Right
Humerus
Anterior Surface
Deltoid tuberosity
Coronoid
fossa
Lateral
epicondyle
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Capitulum
Medial
epicondyle
Trochlea
Fig. 7.43b
Head
Greater tubercle
Anatomical
neck
Right Humerus
Surgical
neck
Medial
Posterior Surface
Olecranon
fossa
Lateral
Lateral
epicondyle
Medial
epicondyle
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Trochlea
Fig. 7.44a
Trochlear notch
Olecranon
process
Head of radius
Coronoid process
Radial tuberosity
Right
Radius
and
Ulna
Radius
Anterior view
Ulna
Styloid process
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Head of ulna
Styloid process
Ulnar notch of radius
Fig. 7.44b
Ulna - Proximal End
Olecranon
process
Trochlear
notch
Coronoid
process
Radial
notch
Lateral view
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 7.42c
Right Elbow - Posterior View
Humerus
Olecranon
process
Olecranon
fossa
Head of radius
Ulna
Medial
Neck of radius
Lateral
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Elbow Joint Medial View
Distal End
Proximal End
From: Principles of Anatomy & Physiology Tortora & Grabowski 9th Ed. Pg 224
Fig. 7.45a
Radius
Ulna
Anterior View
(palm up)
Carpals
(carpus)
Metacarpals
(metacarpus)
Right Hand
Base
1
2
5
3
4
Shaft
Head
(a)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 7.45b
Phalanges (phalanx)
Radius
Ulna
Carpals - 8
1
5
4
3
Right Hand
2
Posterior View
Proximal
phalanx
Middle
phalanx
Distal
phalanx
(b)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 7.45a
Carpals (8) (carpus) Right Hand
Radius
Ulna
“So Long Top Part
Here Comes The Thumb”
3
1
8
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
7
2
6
4
5
Anterior View
(palm up)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 7.45c
Radiograph
Right Hand
Posterior View
© Ed Reschke
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 9.31b
Biceps brachii
Short head
Long head
Origin: Short head - Coracoid
process of scapula
Long head - Tubercle above
glenoid cavity of scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
and aponeurosis
Action: Flexes forearm at
elbow and rotates arm
laterally
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 9.31a
Deltoid
Anterior
Fig. 9.29a
Posterior
Origin:
Spine and
acromion
of scapula, &
clavicle
Insertion:
Deltoid
tuberosity of
humerus
Action:
Abducts,
extends and
flexes arm.