Biology Partnership
(A Teacher Quality Grant)
Classification & Kingdoms
December 7, 2013
Nancy Dow
Jill Hansen
Tammy Stundon
Gulf Coast State College
Panhandle Area Educational Consortium
5230 West Highway 98
753 West Boulevard
Panama City, Florida 32401
Chipley, Florida 32428
850-769-1551
877-873-7232
www.gulfcoast.edu
Pre-test
Q and A board
What is a dichotomous key?
How is all life grouped?
How do you represent the
diversity of animals?
Florida Next Generation Sunshine
State Standards
• SC.912.L.15.6* Discuss distinguishing
characteristics of the domains and kingdoms of
living organisms. (MODERATE)
• SC.912.L.15.4* Describe how and why
organisms are hierarchically classified and
based on evolutionary relationships. (HIGH)
• SC.912.L.15.5 Explain the reasons for changes
in how organisms are classified. (HIGH)
(Also assessed SC.912.N.1.3, and SC.912.N.1.6.)
Item Specs
Benchmark Clarifications
– Students will classify organisms based on the distinguishing characteristics of
the domains and/or kingdoms of living organisms.
– Students will identify and/or describe how and/or why organisms are
hierarchically classified based on evolutionary relationships.
– Students will identify and/or explain the reasons for changes in how
organisms are classified.
– Students will identify ways in which a scientific claim is evaluated (e.g.,
through scientific argumentation, critical and logical thinking, and
consideration of alternative explanations).
– Students will identify examples of scientific inferences are made from
observations.
Content Limits
– Items referring to distinguishing characteristics of living organisms are
limited to the domains of Archea, Bacteria, and Eukarya and the kingdoms of
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
– Items will not require specific knowledge of organisms classified in any
domain or kingdom; items should describe the characteristics of an organism
and assess its classification.
– Items may refer to prokaryotic, eukaryotic, unicellular and/or multicellular
organisms, autotrophs, and/or heterotrophs, but they will not assess the
definition of those terms.
– Items referring to changes in classification systems should be conceptual and
will not require specific knowledge of those changes.
– Items may address evolutionary classification, phylogeny, and the use of
cladograms, but they may not assess the definition of those terms.
– Items assessing a scientific claim are limited to the classification of
organisms.
Stimulus Attribute
Scenarios addressing scientific inferences are limited to classification.
Response Attributes
Responses in item referring to scientific claims
and scientific inferences should be specific to the context of the item
instead of generic statements.
From 5 Kingdoms to 6
►
One Kingdom was split into 2 – which one?
Kingdom Monera – which contained ALL bacteria
Why? – We’ll learn why today a little later
6 Kingdom Foldable
• Match up the ends of your paper as if
you doing a hamburger fold…DO
NOT FOLD YOUR PAPER!
• Use your pencil to make a light mark
on the inside of your paper.
• Shutter fold… fold you paper in on
both side and let them meet in the
middle of your paper
• Fold each side
• Using a ruler (share) you will make a
tiny mark every 7 ½ cm
• Draw lines across your shutters where
you made your marks at every 7 ½
cm.
• On the inside draw a line down the
middle of your paper. This will give
you an idea on the space you will have
for your information.
• You will then cut the lines on the
shutters, but be sure not to cut the
back side of your foldable( this will
give you three tabs on each side of
your foldable).
Kingdom Foldable
Topics to include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Domain
Reproduction
Single/multi celled
Membrane/wall
Obtain/use energy
Examples
Simpler
version
• Use what works
for you
On each tab, at the top, you will write each
kingdom on the tabs shown
ARCHAEBACTERIA
EUBACTERIA
PROTISTA
FUNGI
PLANTAE
ANIMALIA
Old Way of Thinking
PROKARYOTE
1. Size
2. Shape
of DNA
3. Presence
of organelles
4. Means of
reproduction
5. Kingdoms
1. Smaller (µm)
2. Circular DNA
EUKARYOTE
1. larger (nm)
2. linear DNA
3. Little to no
‘true’ organelles
3. ribosomes
4. Binary Fission
plasma
membrane
5. K: Monera
Students need to include topics!
3. membrane
bound nucleus
4. BF & sexual
5. K: Protists
K: Fungi
K: Plant
K: Animal
New View
• 90’s Carol Woese
established a
significant difference
within bacteria to
warrant 2 separate
kingdoms
Eubacteria:
peptidoglycan
present in cells walls
Archaobacteria: no
peptidoglycan
www.comicvine.com
Eubacteria &
Archaebacteria
(Monera)
The two Prokaryote
Kingdoms
Bacteria have a biomass greater than that of
all the plants and animals on earth. They
thrive in a variety of habitats including arctic
ice, volcanic vents, and the human intestine.
Both:
• 1st living forms on Earth
• Lack a nucleus
• Reproduce by binary fission
• Singled-celled
• Autotrophic (photo and chemosynthesis) and
heterotrophic
• Lack nuclei, mitochondria and other
membrane –bound organelles
• live in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats
Eubacteria – bacteria in less extreme environments; Streptococcus
Archaebacteria - live in extreme environments; boiling water, no
oxygen, acid, hydrothermal vents; Cyanobacteria such as Stomatolites
Ameba
The Eukaryotes
Protista
Paramecium
• Protista means 1st; first with a nucleus (Eukaryotic)
• Singled-celled
•Binary fission (asexual)
• Autotrophic (photosynthetic)
•Sexual but only under stress
/heterotrophic
Fungus
• Multicellular
• Nucleus (Eukaryotic)
• Cell wall made of Chitin
• Heterotrophic; excrete digestive enzymes
than filaments absorb the nutrients
• Asexual and Sexual Reproduction (spores)
Filaments magnified
The Eukaryotes….
Plants
• Multicelluar
• Nucleus
• Autotrophic (photosynthetic)
– Chlorophyll
• Cell wall with cellulose
• Sexual reproduction with little asexual
Animals
• Multicellular
• Nucleus
• Heterotrophic
• Trend to only sexual reproduction
Platypus
Kingdom
Manipulative
• Use manipulative to give students
practice with kingdoms
THE ORGANIZATION OF LIFE
DOMAIN
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
KINGDOM
Protists Plants Fungi Animals
Ours:
Keep
Panama
City
On
Florida’s
Good
Side
PHYLUM
Chordata
CLASS
Mammalia
ORDER
Clip
Come up with a
mnemonic device to
remember the
sequence!
Report back to us…
Artiodactyla
FAMILY
Giraffidae
GENUS
Giraffa
SPECIES
Giraffa camelopardalis
The official scientific
name is a combination
of the Genus and
Species terms.
Biological Classification
1.Assign a universally accepted name to each
organism (Latin)
2. Place organism into groups that have biological
meaning
• Based on similarities in structures mainly
• Many scientist are pushing for a complete DNA
grouping; more detailed/precise but a “closest gets more
messy before it gets organized affect.”
8th century – Carolus Linnaeus developed a
naming system
System called binominal nomenclature; printing
of the scientific name is the Genus & species.
Presentation is important!
• Underline or italicized
• Only the genus is capitalized.
Ex: Acer rubrum
These characteristics can be
placed into a dichotomous key,
a key to help others to identify
Canis lupus familiaris
a species
Genus species subspecies
Dichotomous
Key
2 formats:
1. Tree
2. Sentences
Example - Of the class
Go out and find 5 tree leaves!
The Dichotomous Key to Holiday
Giving and Community Service!
Dichotomous Key to the Family Faveo
1 a. Can be used as a source of nutrition ------------- Go to 2
b. Cannot be used as a source of nutrition --------- Go to 7
2 a. Made from the seeds of the cocoa tree --------- Go to 3
b. Not made from the seeds of the cocoa tree --------Go to 6
3a. A colonial candy ------------------ Chocolatus nomelticus
b. A unicellular candy ----------------------------------- Go to 4
Potato Chip Taxonomy
Important to review the
details of testing the key;
easy for some to become
confused.
- Colored pages may
help
THE EVOLUTIONARY TREE OF LIFE
EUKARYA
BACTERIA
ARCHAEA
Protists
Plants
Fungi
Animals
Each tip branches out
further to represent all
species on earth today.
Common ancestor
of all life on earth

An evolutionary tree with a branch for
each of the millions of species on earth
would be incredibly complex.
Animals
HOW TO READ AN EVOLUTIONARY TREE
Fish
Bird
Human
Rat
Mouse
Common ancestor
of mice and rats
Common ancestor of
mice, rats, and humans
Common ancestor of
mice, rats, humans,
birds, and fish
Common ancestor of mice,
rats, humans, and birds
At this point, a speciation
event occurred and the
ancestral species split into two
species. This shows which
groups are closely related, not
which ones are more primitive
or advanced.
Which is more closely related?
Various types of evolutionary trees
No matter the style of tree, all represent possible
evolutionary pathways of certain organisms and relationships.
Other Dichotomous Resources
http://webworldwonders.firn.edu/cameras/keys/sa/tree.html
Ferguson Foundation- interactive lessons
Follow up
•Q & A
•Post Test