EXAM I REVIEW
Take out some
scratch paper!
1). Conservationist who advocated
protection of nature for both its beauty
and usefulness; founder of the U.S. Forest
Service
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Gifford Pinchot
Aldo Leopold
Henry David Thoreau
John Muir
John Ruskin
2). Which of the following is an
assumption of neoclassical
economics?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Resources are finite.
Growth is good.
Long-term effects are important.
All citizens deserve just and equal treatment.
External costs and benefits are valuable.
3). External costs include…..
A. Utilities
B. Raw materials
C. wages
D. Worker’s compensation and insurance
E. Environmental damage
4). Which of the following is a
biotic factor?
A. Soil pH
B. Leaf litter
C. Humidity
D. Energy
E. Solar radiation
5). Which law best relates to
energy loss within an ecosystem?
A. First Law of Thermodynamics
B. Second Law of Thermodynamics
C. Third Law of Thermodynamics
D. Law of Conservation of Matter
E. Law of Relativity
6). Which of the
following organisms
would occupy the
lowest trophic
level?
A. Golden crowned kinglet
B. Snake
C. Salamander
D. Mouse
E. Red-tailed hawk
7). Which stage of the hydrologic
cycle is often the most direct cause
of algal blooms?
A. Evaporation
B. Precipitation
C. Infiltration
D. Transpiration
E. Runoff
8). A scientist is observing a series of plants and
measuring their growth with the addition of
nutrients. She notices that the addition of nitrate has
no effect on growth while the addition of phosphorus
shows significant growth. What conclusion can she
draw about the nutrients in relation to this plant?
A. Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient.
B. Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient.
C. Phosphorus and nitrogen together are limiting
nutrients.
D. Excess nitrogen is being stored by the plants.
E. Excess phosphorus is being stored by the plants.
9). Which of the following organisms
carry out cellular respiration?
A. Plants
B. Animals
C. Bacteria
D. Both B and C
E. A, B and C
10). Which biome is characterized by
the presence of permafrost?
A. Tundra
B. Boreal forest (taiga)
C. Temperate grassland
D. Chaparral
E. Cold desert
11). Which type of natural
selection is shown by this
histogram?
A. Stabilizing selection
B. Directional selection
C. Disruptive selection
D. Debilitating selection
E. Robust selection
12.) What type of
growth does this
graph demonstrate?
A. Stabilizing
B. Exponential
C. Logistic
D. r-selected
E. K-selected
13.) Which best describes the
population growth you would
expect to see based on this
diagram?
A. Rapidly increasing
B. Slowly increasing
C. Zero growth
D. Slowly decreasing
E. Impossible to tell
14.) In one year a population of 100
giraffes, nine giraffes die, 12 are born
and two move away. What is the
growth rate?
A. 10%
B. 1%
C. 0.1%
D. -0.1%
E. -1%
15.) How many hectograms
are in one centigram?
A. 1000
B. 100
C. 0.01
D. 0.001
E. 0.0001
16.) If there are 1,250 kcal/m2
in the producer level and 95
kcal/m2in the primary
consumer level, what percent
of the energy was transferred?
A. 7.6%
B. 10.5%
C. 13.2%
D. 15.5%
E. 25.0%
17.) The best way reduce starvation for a
country that struggles to grow enough food to
feed its people is to promote a
A. Plant-based diet
B. Meat-based diet
C. Mixed plant and animal-based diet
D. Protein-based diet
E. Carbohydrate-based diet
18.) The immediate (most direct) cause of
hypoxia in dead zones is
A. Increased nutrient runoff
B. Increased photosynthesis from algae
C. Increased cellular respiration by
bacteria
D. Decreased cellular respiration due to
fish kills
E. Decreases in limiting nutrients
19.) Which process converts ammonia into
nitrite and nitrate?
A. Nitrogen fixation
B. Nitrification
C. Denitrification
D. Fossil fuel combustion
E. Lightning
20.) The relationship between flowering
plants and bees is best described as
A. Herbivory
B. Predation
C. Parasitism
D. Commensalism
E. Mutualism
21.) The entire range of conditions where a
species is capable of survival assuming no
competitors are present is known as the
A. Baseline habitat
B. Theoretical habitat
C. Basic niche
D. Realized niche
E. Fundamental niche
22.) Cattle on an open range may compact fragile soils
while grazing. This can damage plant roots, leading to
smaller plants, which may in turn cause cattle to graze
more and work harder to obtain food. This is an
example of
A. A food web
B. A positive feedback loop
C. A negative feedback loop
D. Dynamic equilibrium
E. Amensalism
23.) Ecotones are the
A. Sounds that animal communities make in
ecosystems
B. Transitional zones between ecosystems
C. Interactive behaviors leading to
communication
D. Areas between territories of competing
animals
E. Studies of specific biomes by ecologists
24.) A small section of prairie grasses, over a year,
produces enough biomass to feed insects, mice,
rabbits, birds, antelope, and a host of decomposers.
The amount of food potentially available to the
herbivores is the
A. Primary production
B. Gross primary production
C. Net primary production
D. Gross secondary production
E. Net secondary production
25.) The largest pools of carbon in the
carbon cycle are
A. Sedimentary rock and fossil fuels
B. Plants and animals
C. The atmosphere
D. Hydrosphere
E. Oceans