SHOWCASE OF ISTANBUL
IN URBAN WASTE
MANAGEMENT
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
CONTENT
o Turkey and Istanbul
o IMM and Istac
o Overview of Solid Waste Management
o Facilities and Activities
o Projects
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
TURKEY
o Being located at the crossroads of
Asia, Europe and Africa, makes Turkey
one of the most geopolitically strategic
countries of the world.
o Turkey is linked to the oceans
through the Black Sea, the Aegean and
the Mediterranean seas. The Black Sea
opens up to the world through the
Bosphorus, the Dardanelles and the
Marmara Sea.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
TURKEY
Turkey is a member of a variety of international organizations such as the ;
United Nations,
Council of Europe,
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe,
World Trade Organization (WTO),
Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC),
Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization
and it is also continuing accession negotiations for full EU membership.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
ISTANBUL
o Istanbul is one of the biggest cities in the world
with 12 million population and 5.400 km2 area.
o Istanbul is the only metropolis which is like a bridge
between two continents.
o 32
district
municipalities,
41
sub-district
municipalities and 171 village are serviced. According
to new regulations, there will be 39 district
municipalities in Istanbul.
o It has 4.600 km main road and 450 km coastline.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
ISTANBUL
History
o Istanbul is the one of the oldest city in the world and it was the capital city of Rome
Empire between 330-395, Byzantium Empire between 395-1204 and 1261-1453, Latin
Empire between 1204-1261 and lastly Ottoman Empire between 1453-1922.
o The city that begins to have a new structure with the promulgation of Rebuplic in 1923 is
now one of the numbered commercial and culture capitals of the world.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
o IMM works for making Istanbul a leader, high quality of life city, by claiming the unique
heritage of Istanbul that is the apparent face of Turkey and the window that is opened to the
world.
ISTAC Co.
o ISTAC Co., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Environmental Protection and Waste
Material Recycling Production and Trade Co., is one of the economic enterprises of Istanbul
Metropolitan Municipality.
o As the name denotes, ISTAC Co. within the scope of Solid Waste Project of Istanbul
Metropolitan Municipality, provides services for production of compost, recycling, land filling,
biogas to energy generation, medical waste management and incineration, cleanliness of
sea, seaside and main roads.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
Main Tasks of the Organizations of IMM
Main Tasks of the Organizations
Department of Environment
Protection and Control
Responsible for Management of Directorates









Control of Construction Waste
Control of Excavated Waste
Control of Noise Pollution
Control of Industrial Emission
Management of Hazardous Waste
Control of Domestic Waste
Control of Landfill Areas
Control of Composting Plants
Control of Medical Waste
Directorate of Sea Services

Control of Water Course
Directorate of Park and
Gardens




Control of Public Gardens
Control of Sidewalks
Control of Childerens’ Playground
Control of Supplying the Equipments for Public Green Areas
Directorate of Cemeteries

Control of Exequies
Directorate of Environment
Protection
Directorate of Waste
Management
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
Overview of Solid Waste Management
General Position of Turkey
o As a result of urbanization
more urban solid waste production that has to be managed.
o To release the wastes to receiving media unregisteredly is a problem during the period of
urbanization.
o On the other hand, municipalities carry out the services with a limited capacity and possibilities
during this period.
o In Turkey, there are not standardization and any methods in waste collection. Waste pochettes,
containers, vehicles are different in every part of Turkey. Recovery is not on the intended level.
oLand filling is generally assimilated all over Turkey because of its low investment and operational
cost and the content of our waste which is highly organic.
o Only one medical waste incineration plant (in Istanbul).
o Composting is applicable in some parts of Turkey but there are still some administrative and
technical problems.
o Lack of informing of municipality administrators about solid waste management.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
Overview of Solid Waste Management
General Position of Turkey
o According to the results of Municipality Solid Waste Statistics Questionnaire of the
year 2004 which was administered by TÜK (Turkish Statistical Institute, TURKSTAT), the
amount of solid waste collected was 12,3 million tons in the summer of 2004 and 11,9
million tons in the winter of 2004, with an annual amount of 24,2 million tons.
According to these results, the average daily solid waste quantity per capita was 1,34
kg in average.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
Overview of Solid Waste Management
Municipal Solid Waste Indicators for 2001-2003
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
Integrated Solid Waste Management Strategic Plan Compliance With The EU
Environmental Legislation
o With “Integrated Solid
Waste Management
Strategic Plan Compliance
With The EU Environmental
Legislation” Istanbul solid
Thousand
tons
waste management
strategies and aims are
determined until the year
2023.
Total Solid Waste
Landfill
Incineration
Composting
Waste Collection Center
Recycling
Street Collector
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
CURRENT SOLID WASTE PLANTS OF IMM
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
WASTE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN ISTANBUL
o Operation of 7 Solid Waste Transfer Stations
o Transferring of Solid Waste to the Landfills
o Sanitary Land filling
o Electricity Generation from Landfill Gas
o Treatment Plants for Leachate
o Management of Medical Wastes
o Composting and Recovering of Organic Wastes
o Mechanical Sweeping Cleaning of Main Squares and Arterial Roads
o Sorted Waste At Their Source Put Into Blue Litter Bags
o Sustainable Management of Istanbul Local Electronical Waste Project (SMILE)
o Temporary Storage of Battery Waste
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
SOLID WASTE TRANSFER STATIONS
BARUTHANE TRANSFER STATION
Planned Capacity (Ton/Day)
Active Capacity (Ton/Day)
Number of Platform
Distance to Sanitary Landfill
Number of Trucks (Semi)
: 1.500
: 2.140
:5
:25 km
: 11
YENIBOSNA TRANSFER STATION
Planned Capacity (Ton/Day)
Active Capacity (Ton/Day)
Number of Platform
Distance to Sanitary Landfill
Number of Trucks (Semi)
: 2.500
: 2.920
: 10
:42 km
: 20
HALKALI TRANSFER STATION
Planned Capacity (Ton/Day)
Active Capacity (Ton/Day)
Number of Platform
Distance to Sanitary Landfill
Number of Trucks (Semi)
: 2.500
: 2.965
: 10
:41 km
: 20
HEKIMBASI TRANSFER STATION
Planned Capacity (Ton/Day)
Active Capacity (Ton/Day)
Number of Platform
Distance to Sanitary Landfill
Number of Trucks (Semi)
: 2.500
: 1.650
: 10
:44 km
: 71
K.BAKKALKOY TRANSFER STATION
Planned Capacity (Ton/Day)
Active Capacity (Ton/Day)
Number of Platform
Distance to Sanitary Landfill
Number of Trucks (Semi)
: 1.500
: 960
: 10
:46 km
: 37
AYDINLI TRANSFER STATION
Planned Capacity (Ton/Day)
Active Capacity (Ton/Day)
Number of Platform
Distance to Sanitary Landfill
Number of Trucks (Semi)
: 2.500
: 1.550
: 10
:53 km
: 76
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
Solid waste amounts that is transferred from stations to the landfills in 2007:
• European Side
• Asian Side
Total
Total
2.862.950 tonnes
1.462.325 tonnes
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
Sanitary Landfill
European Side
9.000 tonnes/day
Asian Side 4.000 tonnes/day
IMM has started to serve at Kömürcüoda
Sanitary Landfill in Asian Side and Odayeri
Sanitary Landfill in European Side since
1995 to dispose of the household solid
waste.
Approximately 14.000 tonnes solid waste
is stored each day in the landfill sites which
are as large as 250 football fields.
Europe (Odayeri)
Total area
: 75 ha
Used Area
: 60 ha
Total Storage: 28 million ton
Asia (Kömürcüoda)
Total Area
: 89 ha
Used Area : 40 ha
Total Storage: 14 million ton
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
Sanitary Landfill
o Landfill areas are isolated from
groundwater by using clay, geomembrane,
geotextile and gravel for filtration. By the
way waste can not harm to the
environment.
o There are also drainage lines for leakage
and gaseous pipes for methane gase. Soil
layer is the last layer and then afforestation
starts.
o 10.000 tonnes solid waste is disposed in
75 hectars area, Odayeri/Gokturk every
day.
o 4.000 tonnes soid waste is disposed in
100 hectars area, Komurcuoda/Karakiraz
every day.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
Hasdal LFG Plant
o The LFG Plant was established
on the Kemerburgaz Unsanitary
Landfill that was closed in 1995.
o Electrical energy production
plant from waste gaseous works
by active gaseous collection
system. Gases are collectioned,
treated and burned in gaseous
motor and electricity is occured.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
Leachate Treatment Plants
o There is a wastewater treatment plant that
has capacity of 1500 m³/day in Odayeri
Sanitary Landfill.
o There is a wastewater treatment plant that
has capacity of 900 m³/day in Kömürcüoda
Sanitary Landfill.
Primary Treatment
Chemical treatment
Anaerobic Treatment
Sludge Dewatering
units are in these plants.
Except these units as a new technology, there is the biggest leachate treatment facility
of Europe every day 5.000 m3 Leachate of high pollution load are treated with
Membrane Bioreactor + Nanofiltration technology in this two plants.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATION PLANT
o Since 1995, IMM has collected and
transferred medical waste of 224 medical
institutions that have 20 and more beds.
Collected medical wastes are transfered by
teams that are educationed, certificated and
special vehicles.
o Medical wastes are incinerated at
1200
oC at the plant that has a capacity of 24
tonnes/day. There is a treatment system to
decrease pollutant gaseous emission from
incineration plant chimney.
o Emissions are given to the atmosphere after
acid notralization. There is also Carbon Filter
System that is eligible to EU Standards.
o Ash of the wastes are disposed in sanitary
landfill seperately.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
COMPOSTING and RECYCLING FACILITY
o Composting plant is the second biggest plant of
the Europe. Capacity of the plant is 1000
tons/day.
o Compost is produced from organic wastes that
is collected from bazaars and produced compost
is used in parks-gardens of Istanbul.
o Plastic and metal materials that are valuable
are separated by hand-selection and transferred
to recycling plants.
o By processing 200.000 ton organic waste each year, 26.000 tons of compost and 18.000 tons of
cover is produced.
o We recover 6.000 tons/year of plastic, metal and paper by manuel sorting.
o Total waste processing capacity of the composting facility (in Europe) is 365.000 ton/year.
o An other composting and recycling facility with a capacity of 2.000 ton/day is completed in
Asian side and started operation.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
COMPOSTING and RECYCLING FACILITY
o The wastes that come to the plant are selected with hand-selection and recycling bands. After
selecting paper, plastic and metal materials from the mixed wastes. Soil and ash that in the
remaining waste is sifted in griddles and wastes come to fermentation unit. Fermentation unit
has 8 sections; 3 of closed and 5 of open-air. Wastes stay one week in each section. Water and
heat is necessary for fermentation. Fermentation process finishes after 8 weeks . Finally compost
is ready to use.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
FIGURES BELONG TO MECHANICAL SWEEPING
o Existence of a city with clean streets is a significant indicator of urban life quality
attained.
o Being aware of this fact, Integrated Solid Waste Directorate provides day and night
uninterrupted cleaning services for arterial roads and main squares of 27 districts and
16 towns in Istanbul by using of 125 sweeping machines and 103 cleaning machines.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
COLLECTION OF PACKAGING WASTES ON THE SOURCE
o “Project of Separate Collection of packaging waste on the
Source” has been introduced by Istanbul Metropolitan
Municipality and ISTAC Co. “Packaging Waste Management
Plan” was prepared for Istanbul within the frame of this Project.
The Project was implemented at certain determined pilot
regions and it is thought to extent the Project as to cover the
entire Istanbul. For this aim, the protocols between district
municipalities and licensed firms have been signed. The number
of district that the protocol has been signed is 22. 21 of these 22
districts has started to implementation.
o Within the Project, 200.000 students in 2007 and 300.000
student in 2008 were trained about environment and recycling
by the people who are responsible for this. In the same way, 20
university students that have been employed by ISTAC Co.
inform the people in their houses. In the period of one year
total 120.000 houses (=500.000 people) have been informed
and their awareness has been increased.
o 5.651 tons of packaging waste were collected in the first
three month period of 2008.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
TEMPORARY STORAGE OF BATTERY WASTE
o Battery wastes are buried in specially built and impermeable sections in Odayeri
Sanitary Landfill. Each of these sections has a capacity of 100 m3.
o Surroundings of these sections are covered with clay. HDPE on the concrete and soil
on the HDPE is spread out in the internal floor of these sections.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT of ISTANBUL LOCAL ELECTRONICAL WASTE PROJECT
Project Code: LIFE 06 TCY/TR/282
Beneficiary : Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Project Partners : Çevre ve Kültür Mirasını
Koruma Association (ÇEVKU) from Turkey and
Ecological Recycling Society Association from
Greece
Within the Project, unusable computers are
collected and decomposed as usable,
recyclable and unrecoverable. The ones that
can be used again are repaired and delivered to
the public institutions according to need. The
ones that can not be used again are purify from
toxic materials and sent to recycling plants. The
rest of the computer are disposed.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
PROJECTS
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
PROJECTS
Energy Production from Landfill Sites
o Main goal of this project is to collect the
landfill gas from landfill sites and to generate
electricity via using gas engines.
o To convert the landfill gas to energy in
Odayeri and Kömürcüoda Landfill Sites,
systems with a total capacity of 35 MW are
installed. This systems will produce 2.800
Gwh electrical energy until 2030.
o By this project nearly 1.000.000 tons of
Carbon dioxide is prevented from emitting
to atmosphere.
o This project is in the first 10 of UN Climate
Change Projects.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
PROJECTS
Enhancement of Compost Product and Model Compost System Research Project
o The main aim is to convert compost produced in Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Composting Plant to organic fertilizer.
o Meantime to create the most country suited compost model at the end of the
project. Project is implemented by the consortium of IBB, ISTAC Co, ITU, Sabancı Uni.,
Selcuk Uni. and Bahri Dağdaş International Farm Research Ins.
o Observing the effect of land application on soil and plants in the use of compost
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
PROJECTS
Enhancement of Compost Product and Model Compost System Research Project-2
o In the environmental Lab, which is founded in the scope of the project, routine
analysis of compost, water and wastewater analysis can be done.
o The project supported by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research
Council of Turkey).
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
PROJECTS
RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) and Granule Project
o To convert recyclable plastics to granule and non-recyclable material to RDF for
using as fuel in cement kilns, an RDF Plant is built near the composting facility.
o Capacity of the plant is 250 ton/day.
o This plant is the first step of transition to Thermal System.
o The project is supported by TÜBİTAK.
RDF Plant
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
PROJECTS
Biomethanization
The aim is to evaluate how energy production would be increased by co digestion
application of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste together with primary
sludge and farm-based wastes.
For providing the required solid content for wet anaerobic digestion, some
amount of treated wastewater was recycled to each digester. A pilot plant is
constructed and activities continue according to work packages.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
PROJECTS
Management and Disposal of Industrial Wastes
There is a great need for an industrial waste disposal site in Istanbul because of
in sufficiency of the disposal sites in Marmara Region. Project Preparation
studies for a plant in Asian Landfill Site are continue. Settlement plan of an
Industrial Disposal Site is prepared for the project.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
PROJECTS
Solid Waste Education and Application Center
Solid Waste Education and Application Center is projected to inform and to
educate municipalities, public bodies and all other parties about waste
management.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
PROJECTS
Recovery of Construction and Demolition Wastes
With the aim for the recovery of construction and demolition wastes, foundation of
the first concasor system and projection of the second system has started.
ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
PROJECTS
Solid Waste Characterization and Forming a Solid Waste Map
o Seasonal Solid Waste Characterization for Istanbul is completed by ISTAC Co.
o According to this study, solid waste maps, which show solid waste density,
amount, per capita amounts, changing rates according to time, are prepared.
Seasonal Waste Characterization in Istanbul
Material
Paper
Organic Waste
Plastic
Textile
Inert
Glass
Metal
Ash
Total
%
12,7
53,3
17,3
3,8
2,5
5,9
1,4
3,0
100
THANK YOU
for your attention!