 Caused by pathogens such as bacteria,
viruses and parasites
 Transmitted from an infected person to a
healthy person through various routes
 Disruptive to normal functioning of cells
2
• Pay attention to personal, food
and environmental hygiene
• Consult a doctor promptly if
you are unwell
3
Transmission by Air
• Through the airway
• Examples :
Tuberculosis
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Influenza
4
Transmission by Food
• Through contaminated food or water
• Examples :
Cholera
Enteric fever
Dysentery
Gastroenteritis
Parasitic diseases
Hepatitis A
5
Transmission by Contact
• Through direct contact with an infected
person / exposure of a wound to pathogens
• Examples :
Tetanus
Scabies
Head lice
6
Transmission by Blood or
Bodily Fluids
• Through blood or bodily fluids
• Examples:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Hepatitis B
AIDS
7
Transmission by Vectors
• Through animal or insect bites
• Examples :
Dengue fever
Malaria
Rabies
8
Transmission through Mother
to Foetus
• A foetus can acquire an infection
from her mother
• Examples :
Rubella
Congenital syphilis
9
Environmental Hygiene
• Hygiene in public and private
places is equally important
• Pay attention to 5 main areas:
10
Ensure good ventilation
• Keep windows open
• Wash dust filters of air-conditioners
frequently
• Check for drips from air-conditioners
• Create a smoke-free
environment for work, rest
and play
11
Keep environment clean
• Wipe furniture and household
facilities daily
• Soiled objects or facilities must
be cleaned again
12
Keep environment clean
• Keep floors / carpets clean
• Vacuum-clean floors / carpets
every day and wash / shampoo
them regularly
13
Keep environment clean
• Keep common facilities such as staircase,
lifts, lobbies, refuse collection chambers,
canopies and ventilation fans clean and
have them disinfected and maintained
regularly
14
Do not litter
• Wrap up rubbish properly before putting
it in a bin with a well-fitting lid
• Empty the bin once a day
• Dispose of refuse separately into
appropriate collection bins to ease
environmental degradation
15
Do not litter
• Put litter into a rubbish bin
• Be considerate. Do not litter or spit
• Littering or spitting in public is an
offence and the offender is liable to
a fixed penalty of HK$1,500
16
Do not litter
• Take your dog to dog parks regularly
• Do not let it foul public places
• Always clean up its mess and dispose of it in
a dog excreta collection bin
• Wash hands after handling refuse
17
Maintain drains and pipes
• Make sure drains and pipes
are not leaking or blocked.
Do not alter them without
prior authorization
• Clean toilets daily
18
Maintain drains and pipes
• Pour water into drain outlets
regularly to prevent foul air and
insects in the sewage pipe from
entering the premises
19
Maintain drains and pipes
At home
• Make sure there is liquid
soap and a clean towel in
the toilet for hand washing
20
Maintain drains and pipes
For public toilets
• Liquid soap and disposable
towels or hand driers should
be made available
21
Prevent pest and rodent
infestation
To prevent mosquito breeding
• Change water for flowers and
plants at least once a week
• Do not leave water in trays or
plates underneath the flowerpots
22
Prevent pest and rodent
infestation
To prevent mosquito breeding
• Fill up uneven ground surfaces to prevent
accumulation of stagnant water
23
Prevent pest and rodent
infestation
To prevent mosquito breeding
• Spray insecticides into drain
outlets of sewage pipes to
prevent pest and ant breeding
24
Prevent pest and rodent
infestation
• Follow instructions on the
package for proper use and
storage of insecticides
• Wash your hands and face after use
25
Prevent pest and rodent
infestation
• Trim shrubs and keep flowerbeds
clean and tidy to prevent rodent
infestation
• Clear up refuse or disused articles at
home or in common areas of buildings
26
Prevent pest and rodent
infestation
• Report rubbish black spots
and stagnant water at
construction sites by calling
Food and Environmental
Hygiene Department
hotline: 2868 0000
27
Food Choices
Do not eat dirty food
• Do not eat at unlicensed food
stalls or unclean food premises
• Do not purchase pre-packaged food that
does not have proper labeling, has passed
its expiry date or is in a damaged package
28
Food Choices
Do not eat dirty food
• Do not buy uncovered food or food
that has been stored at room
temperature for some time
• Do not eat food that looks,
smells or tastes abnormal or is
suspected to be contaminated
29
Food Handling
• To prevent germs in saliva from contaminating
food
 Use serving chopsticks and
spoons at meal times
 Do not share lunch boxes
and drinks
• Wash hands thoroughly with liquid soap before
eating and handling food
30
Food Handling
• Store cooked food in the upper
compartment of the refrigerator
and raw food in the lower
compartment
• Cook meat thoroughly before eating
31
Food Handling
• Prepare raw food and precooked food separately,
preferably using separate
knives and chopping boards
32
Food Storage
• Keep the kitchen clean
• Wash the exhaust fan and range hood
regularly
• Store eating utensils in a
clean cupboard
33
Food Storage
• Make sure the refrigerator is
clean and works well
• Clean the refrigerator once a
week
• Store food in covered containers
or the refrigerator
34
Food Storage
• Leftovers should best be discarded.
Otherwise, they should be
 stored properly in refrigerators
(4˚C or below); and
 thoroughly reheated to 75˚C
or above before being
served again
35
Food Storage
• Frozen food should be stored at a
temperature of -18°C or below
• Follow the storage instructions
on the food label and note the
expiry date
36
Food Storage
Be considerate
• Do not leave food scraps
and litter in public places
37
Keep germs at bay
When you return home,
• Wash hands and face immediately
• Wash clothes or air them in
a well-ventilated place for at
least one day to clear away
dirt and germs
38
Keep germs at bay
• Clean shoes and put them in a well-ventilated
place. Wash hands immediately afterwards
• Wash your hair and have a shower / bath
every day
• Keep fingernails and toenails clean
39
Your health is in your hands
Wash hands…
• before touching the eyes, nose and mouth
• before eating or handling food
• after sneezing or coughing
40
Your health is in your hands
Wash hands…
• after going to the toilet
• after touching public
installations or equipment
• with liquid soap, then dry hands with a clean
towel, tissue paper or a hand drier
41
Your health is in your hands
• Do not use communal towels
• Rub hands with a 65-95%
alcohol solution to disinfect
hands when hand washing
facilities are not available
42
Your health is in your hands
• Always carry a handkerchief or some
tissue paper. Cover your nose and mouth
with it when sneezing or coughing
43
Your health is in your hands
Be considerate…
• Do not make the floor wet when
washing your hands or discard
used tissue paper outside the bin
• Keep the toilet rim clean.
Flush the toilet after use
44
Take precautionary measures
To prevent sexually transmitted diseases
• Avoid promiscuity; and
• Use condoms properly
whenever you have sexual
intercourse
45
Take precautionary measures
To prevent diseases spread by blood or
bodily fluid
• Do not share towels or
personal items such as
toothbrushes, nail clippers
or shaving products
46
Take precautionary measures
To prevent blood-borne diseases
• Make sure the tools and equipment
have been thoroughly sterilized
before receiving ear piercing,
tattooing or acupuncture
• Do not share syringes or needles
47
Seek medical help if you are
unwell
To protect yourself and prevent
others from contracting diseases
• Consult a doctor promptly if you
feel unwell.
• Wear a mask if you have symptoms
of a respiratory tract infection
48
Seek medical help if you are
unwell
To prevent others from contracting
diseases
• If you have a fever, do not go to
school or work
49
Seek medical help if you are
unwell
To protect yourself and prevent others
from contracting diseases
• Do not take antibiotics
without medical advice
50
Seek medical help if you are
unwell
To protect yourself and prevent others
from contracting diseases
• Wear a mask when visiting
hospitals or clinics. When
you arrive home, take a
shower and wash your hair
51
Adopt a healthy lifestyle
To strengthen immunity and protect
ourselves from diseases
• Do not smoke or drink too much
alcohol
• Exercise regularly and eat a
healthy, balanced diet
• Have adequate rest
52