阅读教学设计
2015/4/13
阅读教学的重要性
阅读不仅是学习者需要掌握的重要语言
技能之一，而且也是学习者获得语言输入的
主要途径。阅读教学是中学英语教学的重要
部分。
阅读教学目标设定
1. 学生英语语言的有效输入与学习
2. 学生阅读策略与阅读能力的培养
3. 学生人文精神与素养的培养与熏陶
阅读教学设计过程
1. 研读文本, 理解把握教材(内容特点, 重
点和难点)
2. 根据课程标准和教材, 确定教学目标(知
识, 阅读策略和能力, 情感)
3. 根据教学目标设计教学过程设计
4. 根据学生学情和需求, 设计阅读过程各
阶段的阅读教学活动
阅读文本的关键
1. 文本特点(体裁, 题材, 主题, 语言 …)
2. 文本特征(字体, 标题, 颜色, 排版,图片…)
3. 学生阅读所需的阅读策略方法
4. 学生阅读理解的困难预测 (背景知识, 语言
障碍…)
教学案例(文本特征)
Oxford English
*Places of interest
*Spiders,
*Very vegetarian
*What should I do?
高中教材
教学案例(文本特征)
高中教材
New Century English
*Making friends
*Holidays and Festivals in the UK
*A Brief Look at Two Metroplises
*People from all walks of life (teacher/
surgeon/ secretary/ fashion model)
教学案例(文本特点)
高中教材
Oxford English
*Fashion
*Big business
*Tutorial centre
*Penang
*A woman’s place is in the home?
如何清晰地描述教学目标:
Objectives should be stated in terms of
what students will do. The objectives should
be statements of what you want the students
to gain from the lesson. Consequently action
words should be used to state these
objectives. Vague expressions should be
avoided.
--- Thomas S.C. Farrell
试比较:
• Students will practice reading skills.
• Students will learn vocabulary.
• Students will underline the topic sentence in
each paragraph.
• Students will write three factual questions for
the passage that is presented.
• Students will be able to skim to find the main
idea of the passage.
教学案例 NCE A Geography Lesson
Knowledge objectives:
a.To review the new words and expressions
b. To learn how to describe a natural disaster
c. To talk about how to help victims of a natural disaster
Ability objectives:
a.To improve the Ss’ ability in listening and speaking
b. To enable the Ss to express themselves clearly in English
and draw the right conclusion themselves
c. To develop the Ss ability to co-operate with others
Moral objectives:
a.To learn one should be strong and helpful whenever
b. To encourage the Ss to speak English freely
教学案例
初中牛津 6A
Open day (1st period)
Language objectives:
1. To let the students know more about their school
activities by teaching new vocabulary.
2. To teach the simple future tense.
3. To guide the students to learn the adverbs of time by
teaching “first, next, then, after that and finally”.
Ability objectives:
1. To develop the students’ ability of making a plan with
the simple present tense and the adverbs of time “first,
next, then, after that and finally”.
2. To develop the students’ skills of speaking, listening
and writing.
教学案例
Emotion objectives:
1. To arouse the students’ interest in learning English.
2. To help the students to deepen their love to their
school.
3. To make the students know more about their
hometown and then cultivate the feelings of pride
of their hometown.
读前活动设计
pre-reading
activity
教学案例
新世纪 B2 Unit 2 The Sydney Harbour Bridge
1. Talk about the reasons for travelling
2. Talk about the benefits from travelling
3. Talk about the tips for travelling
读前活动目的
1. 激发学生阅读的动机
2. 激活和提供必要的背景知识
3. 引出话题
4. 扫除进一步阅读理解的语言障碍
如何激活背景知识
阅读教学的过程实际上就是读者把印刷在
书本上的文字所代表的知识与读者已有的知识
联系起来的过程。
教学案例
How good are your social skills?读前活动
青岛二中
• 播放一首名为“Small
Talk” 的英语歌曲的片
段，截取了其中两句
关于small talk的歌词
让学生听，后在电子
屏幕上呈现引入本次
主题。
烟台一中
• 以一个陌生教师的身
份，用聊天的方式进
行自由问答谈论当地
的天气、土特产、两
地学生学习的情况，
逐渐转入主题。
教学案例
Oxford English
Hair care
Pre-reading activity
1.Talk about reading strategies: What should
we pay attention to when we read an
advertisement?
2. What are the features of an advertisement?
Exploring Second Language Reading
Issues and Strategies
Meaning does not rest solely in the printed
word, but that the reader brings certain
knowledge to the reading that influences.
教学案例
Three Gorges Dam
Pre-reading activity
Look at the pictures and tell me what
place is it. (山东)
Picture ： The HK airport
教学案例
新世纪 B2 Unit 2 The Sydney Harbour Bridge
1. Could you name some of the famous bridges in
the world?
2. Draw a bridge on the board and then ask Ss
“Could you name some of the famous bridges in
Shanghai?”
读前活动设计的关键
To improve the effectiveness of pre-reading activities,
what should be put into our consideration?
• Anything special about the text?
• What help do the students need when they read the
text? What do they know already?
• What is the easiest way to lead students into the
topic quickly and efficiently?
读前活动设计的关键
• 是否符合学生阅读文本的需求(背景知识,
语言知识)?
• 是否注重了阅读文本的特征?
• 是否能有效激发学生阅读文本的兴趣?
常见读前活动
• Review the text we’ve learned
• Brainstorm
• Introduce background knowledge
•……
读中活动设计
while-reading
activity
教师的困惑
• 是测试学生的阅读理解还是帮助
学生的阅读理解?
• 是结构的梳理还是文本内容的理
解?
• 学生真正阅读活动的时间和空间?
• 学生阅读思维能力如何培养?
Are you a teacher of reading or a teacher of
testing?
Example:
Twas brilling and the swithy toves did gyre
and gimble in the wabe.
Q: What did toves do?
Ss: Toves did gyre and gimble in the wabe.
While-reading：
*以学生阅读为主；
*所设计的活动以帮助学生的阅读理解和训练学
生的阅读技能为目标。
The major activity of the reading lesson is
students reading texts.
Every class should have a reading period of
actual reading where writing, speaking and
listening should take a back seat.
Teachers should have students do actual
reading during the lesson and not just talk or
write about reading.
教学案例
八A Dealing with trouble
While-reading 活动设计
Read the text and fill in the blanks.
Paul’s Diary
One day my father and I ___ (be) waiting for
the ferry. We ___(hear) a big argument. Two
women tourists ___ (be) shouting at a big man.
He ___ (hold) out a bag and ___ (show) everyone
that it ___ (be) empty. The crowd ___ (stare) at
the three people. One of the women ___ (say),
“We ___ (be) down in the bookshop, buying postcards. Three young men ___ (start) talking to us.
教学案例
Big Business
Scanning
1. In paragraph 1,why was Ray Kroc
surprised?
2. Try to find what happened in these
years.
1948/ 1954/ 1955/ 1956/ 1956/ 1959/
1961/ 1972/ 1974/ 1975/ 1990/ 1992/
2005
When
What happened
1948
McDonald’s was a small business in California，the USA.
1954
Ray Kroc visited McDonald’s.
1955
Kroc opened his first McDonald’s near Chicago.
1956
McDonald’s adopted the motto “Q.S.C.&V.”
1959
The 100th McDonald’s was opened.
1961
Kroc took over the complete ownership.
1972
A new McDonald’s was being opened every day.
1974
There were over 3,000 restaurants.
1975
McDonald’s came to Hong Kong.
1990 McDonald’s was introduced into Shenzhen, and established its
largest ever restuarnt in Moscow.
1992
The first McDonald’s in Beijing was opened.
2005
McDonald’s had over 30,000 outlets round the world.
教学案例
牛津 Independent learning
Independent learning is one ____ for those who
want to continue their ____, but have ____ time for it.
It is often ____ as ‘a class of one’ because you work
____. You study at your own ____, at a time and
place ____ for you. These courses can help you get a
____, help your ____, or help you learn what ____
you.
教学案例
新世纪 B4 Unit 5 The Father of Modern Physics
Einstein’s theories also
predicted that solid objects
can be changed into pure
energy. This did lead to the
development of nuclear
power and the atomic bomb.
However, Einstein himself
protested against nuclear
weapons, and became
involved in the peace
movement after the First
World War.
 What did these
theories predict?
 What did this
prediction lead to
later on?
 What was
Einstein’s attitude
and reaction to
nuclear weapons？
读中活动设计常见问题（一）
Read for testing
OR
Read for understanding
读中活动设计常见问题（二）
Vocabulary Learning in Reading
Language-centered learning
OR
Content-centered learning
教学案例
新世纪 B4 Unit 3 Making Friends
文本内容：Jamie was like a magnet – she
always had a crowd around her.
magnet
• piece of iron, often in a horseshoe shape, which can
attract iron, either naturally or because of an
electric current passed through it, and which points
roughly north and south when freely suspended 磁
铁; 磁石
• (fig 比喻) person or thing that has a powerful
attraction 有强大吸引力的人或物
这家迪斯科舞厅经常吸引大批年轻的顾客。
This disco is a magnet for young people.
• magnetism n [U] 磁性
magnetize, -ise使（某物）磁化, 起磁
教学案例
magnet
Jamie
magnet
nice
kind
care about
Jamie
When considering what to do about unknown
vocabulary in a reading text, the teacher
needs to decide what the purpose of the
lesson is.
* If the purpose of the lesson is to
develop reading skills or to master the
content of a reading test, then time spent on
vocabulary will be an unwanted interruption
of the lesson. Any vocabulary work should be
speedy and brief so that the learners are not
distracted from the purpose of the lesson.
*If the purpose of the lesson is to develop
learner’s reading vocabulary, then the
teacher can afford to spend some time on
particular vocabulary and on vocabulary
learning strategies
Aim of the lesson: Reading
↓
Deal with the vocabulary quickly without
interrupting the reading too much
↓
*use a dictionary
*quickly give the meaning
*gloss
*ignore
*preteach
Aim of the lesson: Vocabulary
↓
Spend time on useful words and strategies
↓
*guess from context
*use word parts
*teach as in intensive reading
NCE 高一
Unit 2
Michelangelo
Michelangelo was an Italian artist
about 500 years ago. Today he is still
remembered as a great sculptor, painter
and architect.
…
Michelangelo left us with a great
number of sculptures and paintings. …
NCE 高一
Holidays and Festivals in the UK
Easter
The date of Easter varies each year. It
usually falls in March or April. During the
Easter holiday, people give each other
chocolate Easter eggs. …
A. be the same
B. be different
NCE
Unit 3 On Friendship
Making Friends
Jamie was like a magnet ---- she always
had a crowd around her. She wasn’t especially
gorgeous, and she wasn’t particularly good at
sports. But she was one of the most popular
students at school. Everyone loves her!
magnet n. 非核心词汇, 低频词
没有列入高考英语词汇手册
Learn to listen and talk. …
When other people find out you are
willing to listen, they will be talking to you!
When someone is talking to you, zero in 100
percent on that person. Don’t pretend to
listen but really think about something else.
Q: What should we do when we listen to
others? Should we listen with full attention
or think about something else? How do you
know?
江苏牛津英语
Stand-up for your health!
People have always enjoyed laughing, and
there has always been humour. One of the
most well-known and well-loved types of
comedy is called stand-up. Stand-up comedy
is special because the comedian is right there
in front of the audience and may talk directly
to audience members. A stand-up comedian
may make fun of an audience member, or he
or she might decide to tell different jokes in
response to the reactions of an audience.
Language-focused learning: Focus on the
message.
This strand involves deliberate learning
which is focused on language items. It
includes studying vocabulary and grammar.
关键：
*根据所读文本，在文本所提供的语境中理
解词义和用法。
*进一步的语言输入。
*在语境中对所学词汇进行操练。
*运用所学词汇完成交际任务。
教学案例
Easter
The date of Easter varies each year. It
usually falls in March or April. During the
Easter holiday, people give each other
chocolate Easter eggs. …
vary vi.
T1: Does our spring Festival fall on the
same every year? How about Dragon Boat
Festival?
T2: Talk about the date of Mother’s Day/
Father’s day, Lantern Festival…
读中活动设计常见问题（三）
Talking about strategies
OR
Learning strategies by using
读中活动设计的关键
“阅读活动”阶段所设计的活动以训练学生的阅
读技能为目标
1.要注意根据阅读文本的特点设计阅读活动，以
学生阅读活动为主
2.要注意学生的阅读能力,语言能力和思维能力
的培养
3.要注意阅读理解的不同层次: read the line /
read between the line / read beyond the line
读后活动设计
post-reading
activity
教学案例
牛津S2B Chapter 4 Father and Son
读后活动设计比较
1. If you were standing in front of father’s
picture, what would you say to him?
2. Write a film review of “Lion King”.
教学案例
Oxford English Healthy Food
Pre-reading activity:
Discussion: If a stranger gives you some
food to eat, what should we do?
读后活动设计的关键
1. 与阅读文本的关系如何?
2. 对学生巩固与加深文本理解的帮助?
3. 对学生运用阅读文本进行语言活动的关系
如何?
教学案例
新世纪 B4 Unit 3 Making Friends 杭二
教学案例
Oxford English
Big Business
Post-reading activity
Speaking: Make an introduction to
xxxxx High School.
教学案例
牛津S1A Chapter 4 Surprises at the Studio
读后活动
1. How long did it take to complete the construction of
QingShihuang Tomb?
2. Where is the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses
located?
3. What does CNTA stand for?
4. What is the only man-made structure that can be seen
from space？
5. What is the national symbol of China?
……
教学案例
牛津S1A Chapter 4 Surprises at the Studio
读后活动 (修改意见)
• 以Angela 获奖，interviewer展开采访
• 以另一人称叙述故事
• 由Angela将此段经历告诉朋友等
教学案例
江苏牛津 高二 Unit 4
The First Underground in the World
Post-reading activity:
Check students’ understanding by giving
a small quiz
教学案例
江苏牛津 高二 Unit 4
The First Underground in the World
教学案例
牛津S3B Chapter 1 Great Facts on Wolves读
后活动
Post-reading activity:
I used to think that the wolf was ____,
now I know it is ____ because ____.
教师的困惑
What if the students did something
beyond your expectation?
Flexibility
Natural Disasters
T: Look at the pictures! What do we call the people of
those natural disasters? (指着图片)
S1: victims
T: Is it right? Look at this picture! (再次指着图片)
S1: the injured
T: Right! How about this one?
S2: the homeless
T: Good! Then what do we call those injured and the
homeless?
Ss: victims
T: Very good! Now say the word after me together.
Fashion
T: What word comes into your mind when
we talk about “Fashion”?
Ss: Models / clothes / shoes / bags /
colour …
T: Good! Look at the chart. (指着PPT上
的老师制作的表格和所填的词汇, 开始讲
解)
教学案例
新世纪 B2 Unit 7 AR
The Time Capsule of Colorado Springs读后活动
What items do you want to put into the
time capsule for your descendants about
100 years later? Why?
学会倾听：
How to listen so that the kids can talk,
How to talk so that the kids can listen.
作业布置
阅读教学第一课时后常见的作业
• Surf the Internet for more information
• Write a composition about one of your own
travelling experiences in 120 words
• Translate 5 sentences.
• Do a test paper
作业布置的关键
1. 对学生复习巩固本课阅读篇章的作用如何?
2. 是否有利于学生对文本的深入理解语言学习?
3. 是否能帮助学生运用所学知识?
4. 是否体现了不同层次要求?
其他
阅读教学需注意的其他方面
• 预设与生成
• 教学方法和教学技术的运用
“后方法时代”的到来也并不意味着“方法时代”
教学方法的消亡。以往的教学方法也并非均已过时或
都应被“后方法时代”的方法所替代。恰恰相反，一
些历年来行之有效的教学方法仍需利用，只是在使用
什么方法的问题上不能如过去那样追求新潮，左右摇
摆，而应首先考虑教学目标、教学理念、当代英语教
学研究的新成果以及教师的特点和学生的需要与水平。
——左焕琪《英语课堂教学的新发展》
Latest Development in English Language Classroom
阅读教学需注意的其他方面
• 预设与生成
• 教学方法和教学技术的运用
• 教学反思
• 文化背景
Always think about
these principles, and they
may reward you with plenty
of miracles!
参考书目
• 1. 词汇教学设计 / 阅读课的设计 /文本特征
与阅读理解
•
中小学英语教师发
展丛书
•
教育出版社
• 2. 英语词汇教与学
书
•
研究出版社
人民
汤姆森英语教师丛
外语教学与
Thank you!