CONNECTIVE, NERVOUS,
AND MUSCULAR TISSUE
Connective Tissue
• Basic elements
– Cells
– matrix
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Consists of living cells surrounded by a
matrix
• Type of fiber and the amount of fibers in
the matrix determines the different types
Connective tissue cells
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Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Mast cells
Adipocytes
MATRIX
• Noncellular
• Varies from a solid to semi fluid to fluid
• Contains collagen – strong flexible
proteins
• Elastin – proteins that stretch
• Reticular fibers – very thin collagen that
are branched to form a supporting network
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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Binds organs together
Provides support and protection
Fills spaces
Produces blood cells
Stores fat
TYPES OF CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
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Bone
cartilage
Dense connective
Loose connective
blood
BONE
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Rigid
Protection
Support
Osseous
Lacunae
matrix
2 types : compact
spongy
CARTLIAGE
• 3 types
– Hyaline cartilage
– Elastic cartilage
– fibrocartilage
• More flexible
• Location of each type
Matrix
Connective tissue
• Dense
• Collagen fibers main
element in matrix
• Fibroblasts
• Forms strong rope
like structures
• Found in tendons,
and ligaments
• Makes up dermis
• Loose
• Has more cells and
less fibers
• Supports epithelial
tissue, organs, blood
vessels
TYPES OF LOOSE
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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AREOLAR TISSUE
ADIPOSE TISSUE
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
BLOOD
ADIPOSE TISSUE
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Stores body fat
Insulation
Organ protection
Found beneath the skin – subcutaneous
Reticular tissue
• Delicate network of interwoven reticular
fibers
• stroma
• Also called lymphoid tissue
• Found in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone
marrow
• Produce all blood cells
AREOLAR TISSUE
• Most widely distributed connective tissue
• mostly water
• universal packing material between other
tissues
• wraps small blood vessels and nerves
• edema
AREOLAR TISSUE
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Soft pliable tissue
Underlies all mucous membranes
Loose and fluid in mature
Reservoir of water and salts for
surrounding tissues and cells
BLOOD
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Atypical connective tissue
transportation system
Plasma is the matrix
Fibers are soluble proteins
MUSCLE TISSUE
• Contracts to produce movement
• 3 types
skeletal (involuntary)
smooth (visceral)
cardiac
SKELETAL MUSCLE
STRIATED
VOLULNTARY
ATTACHED TO BONES
MULTIPLE NUCLEI
CARDIAC MUSCLE
• Makes up the walls of the heart
• Contracts to make the pumping of the
blood possible
• Striated
• Involuntary
• Uninucleated
• Intercalated discs
SMOOTH MUSCLE
• Nonstriated
• Involuntary
• Slower contractions than other types of
muscles
• Found in the walls of hollow organs and
blood vessels
• Peristalsis - wavelike motion due to
contractions
NERVOUS TISSUE
• Neuron – nerve cell
• Receives and conducts electrochemical
impulses
• Cytoplasm can get up to 3 feet (leg area)
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Selectively permeable
polar
phospholipids - liquid at normal BT
fluid - mosaic
Marfan syndrome