Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues
Anatomy of a Cell: 1)__________________ 2) _________________ 3)__________________
Nucleus: _____________________________ contains _____________________
-nuclear envelope is a barrier which contains pores that __________________________
-nucleoli is the site _________________________________
-chromatin is composed of _______________________________________
Cytoplasm: material outside of the nucleus ___________________________________
-Consists of 3 parts:________________________________________
-Organelles carry out specific functions. See worksheets for various types.
Plasma membrane*: double _________________ layer, barrier for ___________
-Other materials embedded in the membrane(3): ________________________________
-purpose of cholesterol is to ________________________________________
-microvilli:______________________________________________________
Specializations:
1. Tight: __________, membranes fuse like a __________
*Structure:
2. Desmosomes: anchor __________________________
3. Gap junctions: allows chemicals and __________________________
Cell Physiology
Membrane transport:_________________________________________________________
Passive: ________________________
Diffusion: particles tend to _____________________________________
- move from a _____________ to a _______________ concentration
- solute has to be ____________________ or __________ enough to pass through
Types:simple diffusion: unassisted, particles are ____________ enough to fit through
osmosis-______________________________________
Facilitated diffusion-requires a __________________
Active- transports substances unable to move by diffusion for the following reasons:__________
__________________________________________________________________________
Solute pumping: moves substances______________ the gradient, examples: ____________
Bulk transport
Exocytosis: ___________________________________________________________
Endocytosis: __________________________________________________________
Phagocytosis: ____________________________
Pinocytosis:_________________________
1. Isotonic have the ________________________________________
2. Hypertonic is a solution that contains more ___________ in the cell than ______________
3. Hypotonic is when there are _____________ solutes in the solution than in the ________
Cell Division
Cells have 2 major periods: Interphase:__________________________________________
Cell Division:__________________________________________
Mitosis: division of ____________ whereas, cytokinesis is the _______________________
Steps in the phases:
1.________________-_____________
2.________________-_____________
3. ______________-_______________
4.______________-________________
Gene: __________________________________________________________________
Some of proteins functions are __________________________________________________
Role of RNA
Acts as a decoder for the DNA
tRNA: ____________ amino acids to ribosome to build protein
rRNA: helps form the _____________________________________________
mRNA: carries the instructions for _________________________________________
Transcription: ___________ of information from ______ base sequence to the complimentary base
sequence of __________
Translation: base sequence of a _______________ is __________________________________
Tissues:
Four types: 1. _________________ 2. ___________________3. _____________ 4. ________
Epithelial is found in body ____________ and ___________ also, _______________ tissue
Function include: ________________________________________________________
Characteristics: -_________________________________ together
- Tissues always have __________________________
- ____________________ (no blood supply)
- regenerate _______________________
Draw what simple means:
Draw what stratified means:
~Simple squamous: single layer of _____________
Forms membranes: examples of body parts it lines____________________
~Simple cuboidal: single layer of __________________
Common in _______________________, found in ________________ and __________
~Simple columnar: single layer of ______________
Cells usually produce ___________, typically found in ________________
~Pseudostratified: single layer, but _____________________________
Ciliated such as in the _________________________
Functions: _______________ or ______________
~Stratified squamous: cells __________________________
Locations: _________________________________________
~Transitional epithelial: depends on _______________________ lines the _________________
Glands: one or more cells that _________________________________
Two types of glands develop from ____________________
1. Endocrine: secretes __________________ and is ________________
2. Exocrine: includes sweat and ________________ and has ducts
Connective tissue is found ____________________ in the body
Functions: 1.binds ____________________ 2. Supports ______________ 3. Provides ______
Characteristics: variations in ____________________ and _______________ nonliving material
 Why do you choose a broken bone over a torn ligament? ______________________________
(Matrix is everything but the cell; surrounding material + fibers)
Types of Connective Tissue
1. Bone (______________): is used to __________________________________
-Composed of bones in cavities called _________________, a very hard ____________
_________________, and large numbers of _______________________.
2. Cartilage is less _______________ and more ___________ than _____________.
a. Fetal skeleton is _________________, also found in the voice box and attaches the ribs
-Composed of _________________________________ and ________________
b. Ear is made from _____________________ which provides ___________________
c. Fibrocartilage is not stretchy but highly ________________, forms discs in knee and
3. Dense connective tissue: main matrix is _________________________________.
-Examples: ___________: muscles to ____________ Ligament: __________ to ______
Loose Connective Tissue
4. Areolar tissue: soaks up ________________ and causes an edema; “Glue” holds all organs in
place. Contains many fibers through a loose network.
5. Adipose: cells contain _____________________________.
-Functions: ___________ the body, ______________ some organs, _________________
-cell type: adipocytes (chicken wire appearance)
6. Reticular: _______________________________________________
-Forms a _________, which supports free blood cells. Found in _____________________
7. Blood: surrounded by a ____________________________ called ____________.
-Consists of protein fibers which are visible _________________.
-_____________ nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body.
Muscle Tissue are specialized to ____________ or __________ to produce _____________.
1. _____________ can be ____________, cells are ___________, attach to ______________
Have _______ nuclei.
2. _____________ found only in the ____________, cells attach to ____________________,
functions involuntary, cells are ________________ and have _____ nucleus.
3. Smooth muscles are __________________, surround _____________________, attach to
_______________, no striations and have ______ nucleus. An example ________________
Nervous Tissue consists of __________________________________________.
-Functioning: _________________ and _______________ sends impulses to rest of body
Tissue Repair or Wound Healing occurs by two methods:
1. Regeneration:___________________________________________________________
2. Fibrosis:______________________________________________________________
Events: 1. Capillaries become _____________________ to ____________________________.
2._______________________________________
3. Regeneration of __________________________________
__________________________: skin, bone, mucous membranes
__________________________: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, nervous tissue (scars)