Describe the proprietorship, partnership,
and corporate forms of business
organization
 Identify the differentiating characteristics
of a limited liability company (LLC)
 Describe the benefits, risks, and basic tax
aspects of various organizational forms
 Discuss the use of patents and trade
secret to protect intellectual property

Discuss the use of trademarks and
copyrights to protect intellectual
property
 Explain how financing is obtained via
financial bootstrapping and through
business angels
 Describe first round financing sources

Legal forms of organization
Sole proprietorships
 Partnerships (general and limited)
 Corporations (regular and subchapter S)
 Limited liability companies

Financial, legal, and tax characteristics
 Number of owners
 Ease of startup
 Investor liability
 Equity capital sources
 Firm life
 Liquidity of ownership
 Taxation
Organizational
Form
Number of
Owners &
Owner’s Ease of
Startup
Investor Liability
Equity Capital
Sources
Firm Life &
Liquidity of
Ownership
Taxation
Proprietorship
One; little time
& low legal cost
Unlimited
Owner
Life determined
by owner; often
difficult to
transfer
ownership
Personal tax
rate
General
Partnership
Two or more;
moderate time
& legal cost
Unlimited (joint
& several
liability)
Partners,
families, &
friends
Life determined
by owner; often
difficult to
transfer
ownership
Personal tax
rate
Limited
Partnership
One or more
general & one
or more limited
partners;
moderate time
& legal costs
Limited
partners’
liability limited
to their
investment
General &
limited partners
Life determined
general
partner; often
difficult to
transfer
ownership
Personal tax
rate
Corporation
One or more,
with no limit;
long time &
high legal costs
Limited to
shareholders’
investment
Venture
investors &
common
shareholders
Unlimited life;
usually easy to
transfer
ownership
Corporate
taxation;
dividends
subject to
personal tax
Subchapter S
corporation
Fewer than 75
owners; long
time & high
legal costs
Limited to
shareholders’
investments
Venture
investors &
subchapter S
investors
Unlimited life;
usually difficult
to transfer
ownership
Income flows to
shareholders;
taxed at
personal tax
rates
Limited Liability
company (LLC)
One or more,
with no limit;
long time &
high legal costs
Limited to
owners’
membership
interest
Venture
investors &
equity offerings
to owners
Life set by
owners; often
difficult to
transfer
ownership
Income flows to
owners; taxed
at personal tax
rates
.Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Dalam Negeri
Lapisan Penghasilan Kena Pajak
Sampai dengan Rp. 50.000.000,-
Tarif Pajak
5%
Di atas Rp. 50.000.000 - Rp. 250.000.000
15%
Di atas Rp. 250.000.000 - Rp. 500.000.000
25%
Di atas Rp. 500.000.000
30%
Tarif deviden
Tidak memiliki NPWP (Untuk PPh Pasal 21)
Tidak mempunyai NPWP untuk yang dipungut /potong(Untuk PPh Pasal 23)
10%
20% lbh tinggi
100% lbh tinggi
Wajib Pajak Badan dalam negeri dan Bentuk Usaha Tetap
2009
28%
2010 dan selanjutnya
25%
PT yang 40% sahamnya diperdagangkan di bursa efek
Peredaran bruto sampai dengan Rp. 50.000.000.000
5% lebih rendah dari yang seharusnya
Pengurangan 50% dari yang seharusnya
Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak
Keterangan
Setahun
Diri Wajib Pajak Pajak Orang Pribadi
Rp. 15.840.000,-
Tambahan untuk Wajib Pajak yang kawin
Rp. 1.320.000,-
Tambahan untuk seorang istri yang penghasilannya digabung dengan
penghasilan suami.
Tambahan untuk setiap anggota keturunan sedarah semenda dalam garis
keturunan lurus serta anak angkat yang ditanggung sepenuhnya , maksimal
3 orang untuk setiap keluarga
Rp. 15.840.000,Rp. 1.320.000,-
A venture’s intangible assets and human
capital, including inventions that can be
protected from being freely used or
copied by others
 The forms of protection:

1. Patents
2. Trade secrets
3. Trade mark
4. Copyrights
Life Cycle Stage
Types of Financing
Major Sources/Players
Development stage
Seed financing
Entrepreneur’s assets
Family and friends
Startup stage
Startup financing
Entrepreneur’s assets
Family and friends
Business angels
Venture capitalist
Survival stage
First round financing
Business operations
Venture capitalist
Suppliers and customers
Government assistance
program
Commercial banks
Financial Bootstrapping
minimizing the need for financial capital
and finding unique ways of financing a
new venture
Business Angel Funding
wealthy individuals who invest in earlystage ventures in exchange for the
excitement of launching a business and
a share in any financial rewards