科技文章的特点
科技文章的特点
大量使用名词化结构
广泛使用被动句
非限定动词的应用
大量使用后置定语
常出现长句
一、名词化结构
 名词化是指把动词、形容词通过一定的方式，如
加缀、转化等转换成名词的语法过程。
因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确
切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。
一、名词化结构
名词化转换形式
 用名词替代动词
The earth rotates on its own axis, which causes the change from day to night. →
The rotation of the earth on own axis causes the changes from day to night.
 用名词替代形容词
It is doubtful how accurate the results are. → The accuracy of these results is
doubtful.
 用名词替代句子
If the experiment is done by this method, there will be some loss of equipment.
→ The doing of the experiment by this method will entail some loss of
equipment.
二、被动句
科技文章侧重叙事、推理，强调客观、准确，因
而大量采用第三人称叙述，使用被动语态。
 The safety policy should be put into practice through
careful planning of the safety activities.
 Occupational safety and health has received increasing
attention due to its undeniable influence on economic
development and social stability.
三、非限定动词
非限定动词，又叫非谓语动词，具有名词、形容
词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、
表语、定语、状语、补足语等。
英语非限定动词有三种基本形式：
 不定式(Infinitives)
 动名词（gerund）
 分词（现在分词Present Participle和过去分词ed
Participles)。
三、非限定动词
不定式
 A safety policy is the management’s expression of the
direction to be followed in the organization.
动名词
 Organizational culture is a major component affecting
organizational performance and behavior.
分词
 He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself.
 Half of the guests invited to the party were foreigners.
四、后置定语
定语在修饰名词时，放在被修饰的名词之前，称
为前置定语，反之，称为后置定语。
常见句子结构形式有：
 介词短语后置
In small and medium-sized companies, the safety manager and the
safety representative often have other duties besides their health
and safety tasks.
 形容词及形容词短语后置
The efforts necessary to assure that sufficient emphasis is placed
on system safety are often organized into formal programs.
四、后置定语
常见句子结构形式有：
 副词后置
The air outside pressed the side in.
 分词后置
The results obtained must be checked.
 定语从句后置
The safety manager’s role is to act as an expert who is aware of the
health and safety legislation and other obligations concerning the
company.
五、长句
科技论文中经常为了表达一个复杂的概念而使用
长句。
 One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture
has been presented by Schein who has said that
organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions—
invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it
learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and
internal integration—that has worked well enough to be
considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new
members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in
relation to those problem”.
Unit 1 safety management system
Words and Phrase
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Accident causation models
事故
致因理论
Safety management
安全管理
Physical conditions
物质条件
Machine guarding
机械保护装
置
House-keeping
工作场所管理
Top management
高层管理人
员
Human errors
人因失误
Accident-proneness models 事故
倾向模型
Munitions factory
军工厂
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Mutual trust
相互信任
Safety officer
安全官员
Safety committee
安全委员会
Shop-floor
生产区
Unionized company
集团公司
Seniority
资历、工龄
Local culture
当地文化
Absenteeism rate
缺勤率
Power relations
权力关系
Status review
状态审查
Lower-level management
低层管
理者
Unit 1 safety management system
Words and Phrase
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Loss prevention
损失预防
Process industry
制造工业
Hazard control
危险控制
Intensive study
广泛研究
Organizational performance 企业绩效
Causal factors
起因
Risking taking
冒险行为
Corporate cultur
企业文化
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Business performance
Most senior executive
Supervisory level
Safety principl
Wall-board
Implement plan
Hazard identification
Safety performance
组织绩效
高级主管
监督层
安全规则
公告栏
执行计划
危险辨识
安全性能
重要句子翻译
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译文1：One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been
presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic
assumptions – invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to
cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration – that has
worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new
members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those
problems”
译文2：The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and
group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that
determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organization’s
health and safety management.
答案：译文1：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基
本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部
整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认
可，因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员，让他们以此来认识、思考和解
决问题[指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题。
译文2：组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成：个人和群体的价值观、态度、观
念、能力和行为方式。这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理的责
任，以及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。
Unit 2 System Safety Engineering
Words and Phrase
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System safety engineering系统安全工程
By-product
附带产生的结果
Engineering practice
工程实践
Safety problem
安全问题
Accelerating technology 快速发展的技术
Safety effort
安全投入
System’s life cycle
系统的生命周期
System effectiveness
系统有效性
Logical reasoning
逻辑推理
Potential accident
潜在事故
Accident cause
事故原因
Logical programming 合理的规划
System hazard 系统危害
Safety input 安全投入
Inherently safe system 本质安全系统
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Maintenance plans
维护计划
Safety problems
安全问题
Development phase
发展阶段
Operation phase
运行阶段
Performance reviews 绩效评估
Disposal phase 处理阶段
Intuitive process
直觉过程
Make decisions
做决定
Hazard control
危险控制
Protective apparel
防护服
Engineering solutions 工程方法/
手段
Protective devices
保护装置
Warning devices
报警装置
Schedule delays
进度拖延
Unit 2 System Safety Engineering
Words and Phrase
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Concept phase
初步计划阶
段
Safety criteria
安全标准
Government regulations 政府管制
System operation
系统运行
System analysis
系统分析
System design
系统设计
Aid in
有助于
Equipment specifications设备说明
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Incorrect interpretation
误
解
Hazardous material 危险物质
Work area layout
工业区布局
Educational solutions 教育方法/
手段
Training sessions
培训会议
Safety promotion programs 安
全促进项目
Administrative solutions
行
政方法/手段
重要句子翻译
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译文1：Hazard analysis is not an intuitive process. For an analysis to be
meaningful, it must be logical, accurate, descriptive of the system, and based on
valid assumptions. Its success largely depends on the skill and knowledge of
those conducting the analysis. Anyone who has a thorough, working knowledge
of both the system under consideration and the analysis technique to be used
may perform a hazard analysis. In practice, the efforts of several persons with
varying backgrounds are usually required to assure that meaningful and
comprehensive hazard information is obtained.
译文2：System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to accident
prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved from efforts to improve
the safety of the complex technical systems that are common in today’s society.
It is based on the ideas that accidents result from a number of interacting
causes within a system, and that each cause and interaction can be logically
identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the logical application of
scientific and management principles over the life cycle of a system, system
safety engineering attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety.
重要句子翻译
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译文1：危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成的。对于一个有意义的分析，
必须在有效的假设基础上对系统进行合理的、准确的描述。它的成功
主要取决于进行分析的人所具有的技能与知识。只要对被研究的系统
和用于分析的技术有全面的了解，任何人都可以进行危险分析。在实
践过程中，要想获得全面而有价值的危险信息，必须要一些具有不同
知识背景的人共同努力才行。
译文2：安全系统工程是一个相对较新的预防事故的方法。它的概念和
相关技术是在人们提高当今普遍存在的复杂技术系统安全性的各种努
力过程中逐渐发展而来的。它基于这样一个思想，即所有的事故都是
系统内大量相互作用的原因造成的，理论上，各种原因及相互作用都
能被识别、评估，并得到控制。通过在系统的生命周期内合理的应用
科学的管理原则，系统安全工程就有望获得最佳的安全程度。
Unit 3 The ergonomics Process
Words and Phrase
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ergonomics process
人机工程过程
MSDs （are injuries and illnesses of the
safe tissue and nervous system that affect
your body’s: Muscles, Nerves, Tendons(经
脉), Ligaments(韧带 ), Joints）由肌肉组
织或神经系统引起的伤害或疾病
Upper echelons 上层、高层
hourly employee 钟点工
Job sites
工地
Ergonomics committee
人机工程委员
会
Medical management
医疗管理
Musculoskeletal stressors 肌肉骨骼紧张
性刺激
Ergonomics input
人机工程投入
Management commitment 管理承诺/行为
Manufacturing engineers 制造业工程师
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Plant manager 工厂经理
Process engineer 生产工程师
Human resource manager 人力资源经理
Safety manager 安全经理
Sub-committee 分委员会
Overseeing body
监督主体
low back disorder
腰部疾病
Active and passive surveillance 主动和被
动监督
Job stressors
工作压力源
Follow-up
后续工作
Ergonomics awareness
人机工程意识
Follows through 实现，把…进行到底
Chain of command
指挥链
Hit list
黑名单
重要句子翻译
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You must assess the outcome of the hazard identification process
and determine if immediate action is necessary or if, in fact, there
is an actual hazard involved. When you do not view a reported
hazard as an actual hazard, it is critical to the ongoing process to
inform the worker that you do not view it as a true hazard and
explain why. This will insure the continued cooperation of workers
in hazard identification.
你必须对危险辨识过程中得到的结果进行评估，并决定在实际危
险存在时是否需要立刻采取措施。当你不把一个已被报告的危险
当做一个实际存在的危险时，你必须在工作过程中告诉工人你没
把这个被报告的危险当做一个真正的危险，并解释原因。这将确
保工人们在危险识别过程中进行持续合作。
Unit 4 Hazard identification
Words and Phrase
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Hazard identification
危险识别
Outcome
后果
Ongoing process
正在进行的过程
Place on
重视
Exposure limit
暴露极限
Ventilation system
通风系统
Budgetary constraint 预算约束
Jobsite safety inspection工作场所安全检查
Accident investigation 事故调查
Labor management committee 劳动管理委
员会
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Accident incidence
事故发生率
Severity rate
严重事故率
Industrial acciden 工业事故
Work procedur 工作/操作程序
Walk-round inspection 巡视
Overexertion
用力过度
Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合
症
Extreme temperature 极限温度
Worker-oriente
以人为本的
Mitigate
减轻/缓和
Abatement
降低/消除
重要句子翻译：
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This approach to hazard identification does not require that someone with
special training conduct it. It can usually be accomplished by the use of a short
fill-in-the-blank questionnaire. This hazard identification technique works well
where management is open and genuinely concerned about the safety and
health of its workforce. The most time-consuming portion of this process is
analyzing the assessment and response regarding potential hazards identified.
Empowering workers to identify hazards, make recommendations on
abatement of the hazards, and then suggest how management can respond to
these potential hazards is essential.
这种危险辨识的方法不需要经过特需训练的人来执行。通常经过一个简短的
问卷调查就能完成。在一些管理比较开放、真心关心工人安全和健康的地方，
这种危险辨识方法能起到很好的作用。这个过程中最耗时的部分就是对识别
的潜在的危险进行分析评估和反馈。赋予工人识别危险、对减小危险提出建
议并提出如何对这些潜在的危险进行管理的权利是必须的。
Unit 5 What is an OHSMS
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OHSMS 职业健康安全管理体系
Legacy 遗产，留给后人的东西
In practice
在实践中
Allow for
考虑到
Regulatory system
监管体系
Review phase
审查阶段
Specific objective
特殊目标
Corrective action
纠正措施
Be central to
极为重要
Systematic approach
系统方法
Systemic linkage
体系联动
Inter-linked
相互链接
Feedback loop
反馈环
Specific program element详细计划
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Principal contractor
总承包商
Regulatory framework 规章制度
European Union Framework Directive 欧
盟框架指令
All-encompassing approach
包罗万
象的方法
Sparingly
少量的
Home grown 国产的/自己制定
Chamber of Commerce and Industry 工
商会/工商联
Framing
编制/制定
Emergency planning
应急计划
Planning and accountability计划与职责
Managerialist and participative models
经理主导模式和参与模式
bureaucratic model
官僚模式
Empirical test 经验实验
Unit 5 What is an OHSMS
Words and Phrase
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Mandatory
强制的
Arise from
由。。。引起
Strategic objective
战略目标
Commercial pressure 商业压力
Hybrid method
混合方法
Market-based
基于市场的
Formalised prescription 正式的
法规/规定
Mandated principle 明文规定
的原则
Stem from 起源于，来自于
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Mutually exclusive 相互排斥的
Quality levels
质量标准
Expand upon
详述/进一步阐述
Level of achievement 成就水平
Performance level
执行标准
Graduating up
逐渐变化
At the behest o 在。。。命令/要求
下
Set out
阐述、陈列
Top down
由上而下
Trace to
追溯到
重要句子翻译
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译文1：Conversely, an alternative participative model of “management systems”
can be traced to socio-technical systems theory, which emphasises organisational
interventions based on analysis of the inter-relationships of technology,
environment, the orientation of participants, and organisational structure.
译文2 ：So far, we have shown that OHSMS can vary upon a number of
dimensions relating to method of implementation, system characteristics, and
degree of implementation. Such variance is important because it affects evaluation
and measurement of OHSMS performance. Measures appropriate for one
dimension of a system will be irrelevant to another. Evaluation of OHSMS
effectiveness may need to take account of what systems are expected to do. Are they
to meet complex system or simple design standards? Are they implemented at the
behest of management or external OHS authorities? Are objectives the simple ones
such as reducing direct lost-time injuries or do they include satisfying multiple
stakeholders? Are they at an early or established stage of development; and which
of several different configurations of control strategy and management
structure/style is adopted?
重要句子翻译
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译文1：相反，一个可选择来使用的“管理系统”模型可以追溯到社会-技术
系统理论，该理论强调组织干预，这种组织干预是建立在对技术、环境、参
与者的定位及组织结构之间的相互关系进行分析的基础上的。
译文2：到目前为止，我们已经表明OHSMS能呈现多样性的特征，这些特征
与执行方法、系统特征和执行程度相关。这种多样性的变化非常重要，因为
它对OHSMS性能的评价和测量有影响。对一个体系的某种特征适合的方法可
能对另一个特征不合适。OHSMS有效性的评价需要考虑到底期望这个体系来
干什么？它们满足复杂的体系呢还是只是一个简单的设计标准？它们是不是
在管理者或者外界OHS权威人士的要求下被执行的？它们的目标是这种简单
的（比如减少直接的时间损失伤害）还是使多数风险金管理机构满意？它们
是在处于形成的早期还是在建立时期？采取哪一种不同控制策略的形态和管
理结构/形式？
Unit 6 Industrial Hygiene
Words and Phrase
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Industrial hygiene工业卫生
Physical hazards 物理危害、物质危害
Nonionizing radiation 非电离辐射
Adverse effects副作用、坏的影响
Loud noise
嘈杂的声音
Chemical bum 化学烧伤
Live electrical circuits 带电电路
Confined space
密闭空间
Hearing loss 听力丧失
Physical or mental disturbance 身体
或精神障碍
Annoyance
烦恼
Grinder
砂轮机
Potable water 饮用水
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Threshold of pain
痛觉阈
Jet engine
喷气式发动机
Time-weighted average 时间加
权平均
Snap 捻手指的声音
Heat stress
热威胁、热应力
Extremity
四肢
Shivering
颤抖
Hard labor
辛苦工作
Fatigued
疲乏的
Living tissue 活组织
Plastic sealer 塑料密封机
Biological Hazards 生物危害
Mold
霉菌
Unit 6 Industrial Hygiene
Words and Phrase
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Sound level meter
噪声计
On a daily basis
每天
Hazard Communications Standard
危害通识规定
Stipulation 规定、条款
Trade name 商标名
Hydrogen cyanide
氰化氢
Chemical asphyxiant 化学窒息物质
Central nervous system
中枢神
经系统
Power tools 电动工具
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Sewage
污水
Physical contact
身体接触
Allergic reaction 过敏反应
Insect scale 介壳虫
Severe pain 剧烈的疼痛
Manual handling 手工处理
Disk injuries
椎间盘伤害
Airborne
空中的
Narrow band noise 窄带噪声
Impulse
脉冲
重要句子翻译
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译文1：Industrial hygiene has been defined as “that science or art
devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of
those environmental factors or stresses, arising in or from the
workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being,
or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers or among the
citizens of the community”.
译文2：Noise is a serious hazard when it results in temporary or
permanent hearing loss, physical or mental disturbance, any
interference with voice communications, or the disruption of a job, rest,
relaxation, or sleep. Noise is any undesired sound and is usually a
sound that bears no information with varying intensity. It interferes
with the perception of wanted sound, and is likely to be harmful, cause
annoyance, and/or interfere with speech.
重要句子翻译
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译文1：工业卫生被定义为：“致力于预测、识别、评估和
控制环境因素或压力的科学与技术，这些压力产生或来自于
工作场所，能够造成疾病、损害人们的幸福安康、或使工人
或社区居民的工作效率不高，并使他们感觉到很不舒服”。
译文2：当噪音导致暂时或永久的听力丧失，使身体或精神
发生紊乱，对语言交流产生干扰，或对工作、休息、放松、
睡觉产生干扰时，它是一种非常严重的危害。噪音是任何不
被期望的声音，它通常是一种强度变化但不包括任何信息的
声音。它干扰人们对正常声音的辨别，可能是有害的，能使
人烦恼，并（或）干扰人们说话。
Unit 9 Accident Investigation
Words and Phrase
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Accident Investigation
事
故调查
After-the-fact事实背后的
Take an investigation 进行调查
Fact-finding process 寻找事实的
过程
Insurance carrier 保险公司/承
保人
Place blame 推卸责任
Permanent total disability
永
久全部劳动力丧失
For simplicity
为简单起见
Counter-measure
干预措施
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Accident prevention 事故预防
Investigative procedures 调查过
程
Fact finding 寻找事实
Operating procedures flow
diagrams
操作过程流程图
Maintenance chart 维修图表
Bound notebook 活页笔记本
Physical or chemical law
物
理或化学定律
Table of contents
目录
Narrative
叙事的
重要句子翻译
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译文：Investigator collects evidence from many sources during an
investigation, gets information from witnesses and observation as well
as by reports, interviews witnesses as soon as possible after an accident,
inspects the accident site before any changes occur, takes photographs
and makes sketches of accident scene, records all pertinent data on
maps, and gets copies of all reports. Documents containing normal
operating procedures flow diagrams, maintenance charts or reports of
difficulties or abnormalities are particularly useful. Keep complete and
accurate notes in a bound notebook. Record pre-accident conditions, the
accident sequence and post-accident conditions. In addition, document
the location of victims, witnesses, machinery, energy sources, and
hazardous materials.
重要句子翻译
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译文：调查人员在调查过程中从各方面收集证据，从证人、
旁观者及一些相关报道中得到信息，在事故发生后尽快的找
目击证人谈话，在事故现场遭到改变前进行检查，对事故场
景进行拍照并绘制草图，记录与地形相关的所有数据，并将
所有的报道复印保存。记录常规的操作流程图、维修图表或
对困难、异常现象的报告等非常有用。在活页笔记本中完整
准确的记录。记录事故发生前的环境、事故顺序及事故发生
后的环境情况等。另外，记录伤者、证人、机械、能量来源
和危害物质的位置。
Unit 10 Safety Electricity
Words and Phrase
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Safety electricity
安全用电
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Electrical equipment 电力设备
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Fuse puller 保险丝夹
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Break contact
断开接点/触电
Hot side
高压端
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Load side
负荷端
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Line side
线路/火线端
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Groundfault circuit interrupt漏电保护 
器
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Ground fault 接地故障
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Receptacle 电源插座
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Hot bubs
热水澡桶
Underwater lighting 水底照明
Fountains
人工喷泉
Ungrounded (hot)conductor
未接地(高压)导体/火线
Neutral conductor
中性导体
Fault current 故障电流
Load center 载荷中心
Panelboard 配电板
Branch-circuit
分支电路
CB 一种多功能插座
Plug-in
插入式
重要句子翻译
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Lockout/tagout kits are also available. A lockout/tagout kit contains
items required to comply with the OSHA lockout/tagout standards.
Lockout/tagout kits contain reusable danger tags, tag ties, multiple
lockouts, locks, magnetic signs, and information on lockout/tagout
procedures. Be sure the source of electricity remains open or
disconnected when returning to work whenever leaving a job for any
reason or whenever the job cannot be completed the same day.
上锁/挂牌成套设备也是可用的。上锁/挂牌套件中包含有必须满足
OSHA上锁/挂牌标准的组件。上锁/挂牌套件中包含有可重复使用的危
险标签、临时悬挂标志、各种闭锁、锁、磁性标志、及与上锁/挂牌相
关的信息。无论什么原因停下工作或当天不能完成工作时，在返回工
作的时候都要确保电源保持断开或非连接状态。
Unit 11 Machinery equipment safety
Words and Phrase
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Machinery Equipment Safety 机械设备
安全
Presses
冲床
Lifting plant
起吊设备
Scald 烫伤
Fragmentation 破碎/爆炸
Temporary staff 临时人员
Dumper truck 翻斗车
Power presses 压力机
Lift truck
升降式装卸车
Elevating work platform 升降台
CE marked
CE认证标志
Subcontractor 中间商/转包商
Interlocked guard
联锁保护装置
Jig
模具
Push stick
推杆
Competent person
能胜任安全工
作的人
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Enter a contract 签订合同
Power pressure 冲床
Gearbox
变速箱
Chock
用垫木垫阻
Hot work
高温作业
Cutting/welding torch
切割火炬/气
焊喷灯
Retract
缩回/缩进
Gang or radial drills
排式钻机/摇
臂钻床
Lathes
车床
Turret
转台
Flying chips
飞屑
Coolant
冷却剂
Chuck wrench 卡盘扳手
Milling machine 磨削机
Unit 12 Accident analysis in construction
Words and Phrase
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Construction work
建筑工程
Ill-health
不健康
Set out
陈述/阐明
Roof work
屋顶工作
Erection
安装/架设
Safety hazard 安全隐患
Monetary incentive
金钱鼓励
Regulatory agency
管理机构
Guard rail
防护围栏
Working platform
工作平台
Rooflight sheet采光屋面板
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Close-boarded 鱼鳞板
Rough terrain 不平地形
Undulating ground
起伏地
roofer
盖屋顶的人
Asbestos cement 石棉水泥
Excavation
挖掘
Groundwork 基础工作
Spoil heap
废物堆
Fenced off
用栏栅隔开
Natural ventilation 自然通风
Dense concrete 密实混凝土
重要句子翻译
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Many construction workers are killed or seriously injured during lifting
operations because of accidents such as: cranes overturning, material
falling from hoists and gin wheels collapsing. Many more suffer longterm injury because they regularly lift or carry items which are heavy or
awkward to handle, foe example: lifting dense concrete blocks, paviours
laying slabs and labourers lifting and carrying bagged products, such as
cement and aggregates.
很多建筑工人在起重操作过程中由于一些事（故如起重机翻倒、物体从
吊重机上坠落、三脚起重机的轮子垮塌等）而丧命或严重受伤。更多的
工人会因为经常举起或搬运一些笨重的物体（如：搬运密实混泥土砖、
铺设工人铺建混泥土路面、工人举起或搬运一些袋装东西如水泥、块状
物等）的时候而遭受长期的伤痛。
Unit 14 Hazardous chemical and its
identification
Words and Phrase
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Hazardous chemical 危险化
学品
Physical hazard物质危害
Respiratory tract 呼吸道
Digestive tract
消化道
Needle stick 针刺
Sensitizer
致癌物质
Hepatotoxins 肝脏毒素
Nephrotoxins 肾毒素
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Neurotoxins 神经毒素
Mucous membrane 粘膜
Safety hazard安全隐患
Domino effect多米诺效应
Major hazard重大危险
Tighter control加紧控制
Storage and terminal 港口转
运油库码头
Unit 15 Fire and Explosions
Words and Phrase
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Firefighter
消防队员
Fire ground 火场
Fire protection 消防
Searing heat 灼热
Physical explosion物理爆炸
Chemical explosion化学爆炸
Propane cylinder丙烷钢瓶
Natural gas explosion 天然气爆炸
Gas main
煤气总管
Oil burner
燃油炉
Gas tank
气罐
Structure fire 建筑火灾
Shock wave 冲击波
Peak pressure 峰值压力
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Ground shock wave
地表振动波
Gas meter
煤气表
Control handle控制柄
Rubble
瓦砾堆
Paint store
油漆店
Hardware store
五金店
Fire suppression system 灭火系统
Truss construction桁架结构
Manhole cover 沙井盖
Popping off
突然离去
Bumper
缓冲器
Squad
抢险队
Mitigation tactics损失减轻策略
Ground zero 爆心投影点