Aquaculture
Annie Doerr
EEES 4730
http://s3.hubimg.com/u/3095722_f260.jpg
Goal : General Understanding of
Aquaculture Origins
Aquaculture today
Benefits and concerns
Possible solutions
oxbow lakes
Origins
http://serc.carleton.edu/resources/2528.html
monsoon waters
http://www.africam.com/images/cam_info/nkorho_location.jpg
reserviors
http://farwestsocialclub.com
netted coves
http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/coasts/condition/index.html
Recent History
•50% seafood comes from aquaculture
(SIC)
•Aquaculture contribution to seafood
supply increased from 3.9% (1970) to
29.9% (2002) (FAO)
Recent History
•Aquaculture’s growing faster than any
other meat industry
average growth since 1970:
aquaculture 8.9%/yr
fisheries 1.2%/yr
terrestrial meat 2.8%/yr (FAO)
Recent History
4. Largest growth in
China (FAO)
1970
5. 2002: $60 billion
value in US
http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5600e/y5600e04.htm#p_1
2002
Basics
1. Aquaculture = farming aquatic organisms
(fish, mollusks, crustaceans, aquatic plants)
1. Sources: wild capture (20%), hatchery (80%)
(FAO)
freshwater culture(57.7%)
http://www.mannafoundation.org/maeteng/maeteng1.jpg
brackish-water (5.8%)
http://www.prwatch.org/files/images/fishfarm.jpg
mariculture (36.5%)
http://seasteading.org/interact/forums/engineering/structuredesigns/live-aboard-floating-platform-poor-aquaculture-a-susta
sea ranching
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/375832/enlarge
Benefits
Decrease pressure on wild fish
Less expensive than industrial fishing - better
human diets & less unsustainable fisheries
Problems
1. Disease & parasites - spread to wild fish,
antibiotics
2. Fish feed - ↓ stocks, “farming tigers”, raw
feed spreads disease
3. Genetic pollution
invasives - escaped
domestic fish
http://www.noteworthytips.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/fish_net_8392.jpg
Problems
4. Loss of natural habitat - invasive captures,
farm location (20% mangrove destruction)
http://www.habitatadvocate.com.au/?tag=inshore-beam-trawl-fishery
5. Pollution from concentrated sewage smother benthos, eutrophication, ↓ DO
Traditional vs. Integrated Multitropic Aquaculture of Gracilaria
chilensis
60% salmanoid feed stays in water
Gracilaria chilensis (seaweed) removes
amonia and nitrates from water
http://www.texasaquaculture.org/
Integrated aquaculture = raising fish with another
crop
http://land.allears.net/blogs/jackspence/LWTL32.jpg
Traditional vs. Integrated Multitropic Aquaculture of Gracilaria
chilensis
Study examines potential of seaweed to filter
excess nutrients from salmon farms
•L1: 800m - top
•L2: 7km - top
•L3: control - top
•L4: bottom
Growth Patterns
summer
autumn
Summer and autumn growth patterns (mean ± (SE), n = 30) of Gracilaria chilensis cultivated at different distances from the salmon cages (L1 = 100 m, L2 =
800 m, L3 = 7000 m and L4 = bottom culture). A. Relative Growth Rate (% day − 1) and B. Productivity (g m− 1 month− 1). Letters indicate the groups
differentiated by posthoc tests, when these were significant at P < 0.01.
1.Seaweed most
effective floating at
intermediate distance
2.Farming seaweed
near fish farms would
reduce nutrient
outputs from
aquaculture
Possible Solutions
1.Integrated aquaculture
2.Replace wild-caught fry with hatchery fry
3.Better shipment and feeding methods
4.Better labels for seafood
"Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants." Michael Pollan
Questions?
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Resources:
Food & Agriculture Org. (FAO)
,
Seafood Industry Council (SIC)
http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5600e/y5600e04.htm#p_1
http://www.seafoodindustry.co.nz/aquaculture
http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/009/ag158e/AG158E01.htm ,