Step Up To:
Discovering Psychology
by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury
Discovering Psychology 4e
Worth Publishers (2007)
Chapter 10: Personality
Use your head!
Traits and States
Deal with your feelings!
Freudian Slips
Take a Test
Freudian Slips
500
400
300
200
100
Deal with your feelings!
500
400
300
200
100
Use your head!
500
400
300
200
100
Traits and States
500
400
300
200
100
Take a Test
500
400
300
200
100
1. Freud’s technique in which the
patient spontaneously reports all
thoughts, feelings, and images as
they come to mind is called ___ .
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalysis
B) dream interpretation
C) free association
D) psychotherapy
2. According to Freud, “I want it,
and I want it now,” refers to the
part of the personality called the:
•
•
•
•
A) superego.
B) id.
C) ego.
D) eros.
3. Threatened by his own attraction to
other males, Mr. Jones leads an active
campaign against gay rights. He is
displaying the ego defense mechanism
called ___.
•
•
•
•
A) denial
B) reaction formation
C) sublimation
D) displacement
4. Jung believed that the deepest
part of the individual psyche is
that which is shared by all
people, called:
•
•
•
•
A) identification.
B) fixation.
C) the Oedipus complex.
D) the collective unconscious.
5. According to Freud, in the film The
Wizard of Oz , Dorothy, the Cowardly
Lion, the Tin Woodsman, and the
Scarecrow are all:
• A) psychosexual stages of
development.
• B) ego defense mechanisms.
• C) archetypes.
• D) dream interpretations.
6. According to Rogers, the most basic
human motive is the innate drive to
maintain and enhance, called:
•
•
•
•
A) the actualizing tendency.
B) the self-concept.
C) aggressive instincts.
D) the sense of self.
7. Humanistic psychologists differed
from psychoanalytic theorists in their
focus on:
•
•
•
•
A) reinforced behaviors.
B) unconscious motives.
C) the healthy personality.
D) early childhood influences.
8. “I do not approve of your behavior, but
I still love and value you.” This attitude
shows that a parent has ___ for his/her
child.
•
•
•
•
A) actualizing tendency
B) unconditional positive regard
C) compassionate parenting
D) conditional positive regard
9. Rogers believed that the fully
functioning person:
• A) is likely to be creative and spontaneous.
• B) enjoys harmonious relationships with
others.
• C) has self-awareness and free-will.
• D) demonstrates all of the above.
10. Which of the following is a major
criticism of the humanistic perspective?
• A) It minimizes the destructive side
of human nature.
• B) It has no relevance to
psychotherapy.
• C) It discounts the idea of a healthy
personality.
• D) It is based solely on childhood
memories and conflicts.
11. Bandura explains behavior and personality
as being caused by the interaction of
behavioral, cognitive, and environmental
factors. This process is called:
•
•
•
•
A) self-efficacy.
B) social cognitive theory.
C) social-cultural psychology.
D) reciprocal determinism.
12. Bandura describes self-efficacy as:
• A) being the best that one can be.
• B) feelings of self-confidence or selfdoubt.
• C) the sense of being loved and
accepted by others.
• D) the drive to learn despite early
failures.
13. The social cognitive perspective
differs from the humanistic perspective
in that social cognitive theorists:
• A) deal with free-will.
• B) emphasize feelings and insight.
• C) rely heavily on experimental
findings.
• D) have less scientific fact on
which to base their theory.
14. The social cognitive perspective places
most of the responsibility for our behavior:
•
•
•
•
A) on ourselves.
B) on our childhood history.
C) on our learned behavior.
D) on the way we were parented.
15. Some psychologists criticize the
social cognitive theory, claiming:
• A) it is too scientific.
• B) it lacks description of the whole
person.
• C) its theories are descriptive and not
testable.
• D) it has no relevance to
psychotherapy.
16. A trait is:
• A) an unconscious motive driving
our behavior.
• B) a repeated pattern of behavior.
• C) a description of our outward
appearance.
• D) a relatively stable, enduring
predisposition to consistently
behave in a certain way.
17. Source traits are:
• A) the most fundamental
dimensions of personality.
• B) personality characteristics that
can easily be inferred from
observable behavior.
• C) similarities between people.
• D) personality factors we inherit
from our parents.
18. According to Eysenck, someone low on
psychoticism:
• A) is excitable, changeable and
impulsive.
• B) is antisocial, cold, hostile, and
unconcerned about others.
• C) is warm and caring toward others.
• D) is sober, pessimistic and rigid.
19. More recent trait theorists believe Cattell
proposed too many traits and Eysenck too
few, resulting in the:
• A) modern cognitive-behavioral
model.
• B) five-factor model.
• C) neo-Freudian perspective.
• D) Sixteen PF Questionnaire.
20. Evidence for genetic influence is
particularly strong for which of the
following Big Five personality traits?
• A) agreeableness and extraversion
• B) conscientiousness and
agreeableness
• C) neuroticism and agreeableness
• D) extroversion and neuroticism
21. A projective test that requires a
person to look at several pictures and
make up stories is the:
•
•
•
•
A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
B) MMPI.
C) 16 PF.
D) Thematic Apperception Test.
22. The most widely used personality
test is currently the:
•
•
•
•
A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
B) MMPI.
C) TAT.
D) 16PF.
23. The main difference between the MMPI
and the California Personality Inventory
(CPI) is that the CPI:
• A) was designed to assess normal
populations.
• B) is a much longer process than the
MMPI.
• C) is based on other people’s
observations of us.
• D) was designed for use on clinical
populations.
24: A major advantage of objective
personality tests over projective ones is
that:
• A) objective tests measure
unconscious motives.
• B) objective tests are more
difficult to fake.
• C) reliability and validity of
objective tests are higher.
• D) all of the above.
25. The objective personality test based on
the trait theory of Raymond Cattell is the:
•
•
•
•
A) 16PF.
B) MMPI.
C) CPI.
D) TAT.
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. Freud’s technique in which the
patient spontaneously reports all
thoughts, feelings, and images as
they come to mind is called ____ .
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalysis
B) dream interpretation
C) free association
D) psychotherapy
399
2. According to Freud, “I want it,
and I want it now,” refers to the
part of the personality called the:
•
•
•
•
A) superego.
B) id.
C) ego.
D) eros.
401
3. Threatened by his own attraction to
other males, Mr. Jones leads an active
campaign against gay rights. He is
displaying the ego defense mechanism
called ____ :
•
•
•
•
A) denial.
B) reaction formation.
C) sublimation.
D) displacement.
403
4. Jung believed that the deepest
part of the individual psyche is
that which is shared by all
people, called:
•
•
•
•
A) identification.
B) fixation.
C) the Oedipus complex.
D) the collective unconscious.
407
5. According to Freud, in the film The
Wizard of Oz , Dorothy, the Cowardly
Lion, the Tin Woodsman, and the
Scarecrow are all:
• A) psychosexual stages of
development.
• B) ego defense mechanisms.
• C) archetypes.
• D) dream interpretations.
408
6. According to Rogers, the most basic
human motive is the innate drive to
maintain and enhance, called:
•
•
•
•
A) the actualizing tendency.
B) the self-concept.
C) aggressive instincts.
D) the sense of self.
412
7. Humanistic psychologists differed
from psychoanalytic theorists in their
focus on:
•
•
•
•
A) reinforced behaviors.
B) unconscious motives.
C) the healthy personality.
D) early childhood influences.
412
8. “I do not approve of your behavior, but
I still love and value you.” This attitude
shows that a parent has ___ for his/her
child.
•
•
•
•
A) actualizing tendency
B) unconditional positive regard
C) compassionate parenting
D) conditional positive regard
412
9. Rogers believed that the fully
functioning person:
• A) is likely to be creative and spontaneous.
• B) enjoys harmonious relationships with
others.
• C) has self-awareness and free-will.
• D) demonstrates all of the above.
414
10. Which of the following is a major
criticism of the humanistic perspective?
• A) It minimizes the destructive side
of human nature.
• B) It has no relevance to
psychotherapy.
• C) It discounts the idea of a healthy
personality.
• D) It is based solely on childhood
memories and conflicts.
415
11. Bandura explains behavior and personality
as being caused by the interaction of
behavioral, cognitive, and environmental
factors. This process is called:
•
•
•
•
A) self-efficacy.
B) social cognitive theory.
C) social-cultural psychology.
D) reciprocal determinism.
416
12. Bandura describes self-efficacy as:
• A) being the best that one can be.
• B) feelings of self-confidence or selfdoubt.
• C) the sense of being loved and
accepted by others.
• D) the drive to learn despite early
failures.
417
13. The social cognitive perspective
differs from the humanistic perspective
in that social cognitive theorists:
• A) deal with free-will.
• B) emphasize feelings and insight.
• C) rely heavily on experimental
findings.
• D) have less scientific fact on
which to base their theory.
416
14. The social cognitive perspective places
most of the responsibility for our behavior:
•
•
•
•
A) on ourselves.
B) on our childhood history.
C) on our learned behavior.
D) on the way we were parented.
418
15. Some psychologists criticize the
social cognitive theory, claiming:
• A) it is too scientific.
• B) it lacks description of the whole
person.
• C) its theories are descriptive and not
testable.
• D) it has no relevance to
psychotherapy.
418
16. A trait is:
• A) an unconscious motive driving
our behavior.
• B) a repeated pattern of behavior.
• C) a description of our outward
appearance.
• D) a relatively stable, enduring
predisposition to consistently
behave in a certain way.
418
17. Source traits are:
• A) the most fundamental
dimensions of personality.
• B) personality characteristics that
can easily be inferred from
observable behavior.
• C) similarities between people.
• D) personality factors we inherit
from our parents.
419
18. According to Eysenck, someone low on
psychoticism:
• A) is excitable, changeable and
impulsive.
• B) is antisocial, cold, hostile, and
unconcerned about others.
• C) is warm and caring toward others.
• D) is sober, pessimistic, and rigid.
420
19. More recent trait theorists believe Cattell
proposed too many traits and Eysenck too
few, resulting in the:
• A) modern cognitive-behavioral
model.
• B) five-factor model.
• C) neo-Freudian perspective.
• D) Sixteen PF Questionnaire.
421
20. Evidence for genetic influence is
particularly strong for which of the
following Big Five personality traits?
• A) agreeableness and extraversion
• B) conscientiousness and
agreeableness
• C) neuroticism and agreeableness
• D) extroversion and neuroticism
423
21. A projective test that requires a
person to look at several pictures and
make up stories is the:
•
•
•
•
A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
B) MMPI.
C) 16 PF.
D) Thematic Apperception Test.
426
22. The most widely used personality
test is currently the:
•
•
•
•
A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
B) MMPI.
C) TAT.
D) 16PF.
428
23. The main difference between the MMPI
and the California Personality Inventory is
that the CPI:
• A) was designed to assess normal
populations.
• B) is a much longer process than the
MMPI.
• C) is based on other people’s
observations of us.
• D) was designed for use on clinical
populations.
428
24: A major advantage of objective
personality tests over projective ones is
that:
• A) objective tests measure
unconscious motives.
• B) objective tests are more
difficult to fake.
• C) reliability and validity of
objective tests are higher.
• D) all of the above.
430
25. The objective personality test based on
the trait theory of Raymond Cattell is the:
•
•
•
•
A) 16PF.
B) MMPI.
C) CPI.
D) TAT.
429
Acknowledgments
• Step Up Created by:
John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Discovering
Psychology 4e by
Hockenbury & Hockenbury
• Worth Publishers, 2007
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
C
B
B
D
C
A
C
B
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
D
A
D
B
C
A
B
D
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
A
C
B
D
D
B
A
C
25. D