EFFECTS OF
NATIONALISM &
LIBERALISM IN 19 TH
CENTURY EUROPE
CHAPTER 24
Chris Booth
World History
9
CONNECTOR
Start this immediately when the bell
rings on a separate sheet of paper.
Q. What is a good
American? Explain what
that means and give me an
example…
ND
2
CONNECTOR
p. 680 in text
1. What values and goals of your new
country do you want to show?
2. Will your symbols represent your
country’s past or future?
WHAT IS NATIONALISM?
 Shared traditions, customs, heritage, language, religion,…
 Those ideas that separate one group of people from
another…shared identity
 Pride in who you are, where you’re from
WHAT DO LIBERALS WANT?
Representative governments
Constitutions
Rights of the people
What do nationalists want?
• An independent country of their own
• Self-determination
“When France
sneezed, the
rest of Europe
caught cold”
P ri n c e K l e m en vo n
M et te rn i c h
NATIONALISM IN 19 TH CENTURY EUROPE
 Cause of many revolutions
 Successful:
 Greece, 1829
• (Independence from Ottoman Empire)
 Belgium, 1830
• Must remain neutral
 Unsuccessful
 1830s: Italy, Germany, Austria (disorganized and fragmented)
 1848: Italy, Germany, Austria (disorganized and fragmented)
 Crushed by the Concert of Europe
 Weakened Empires
 Austria becomes Austria-Hungary (Dual Monarchy) or the
Austro-Hungarian Empire (Separated at end of WWI)
 Ottoman Empire loses the Balkan Peninsula and parts of North
Africa (Dissolved after WWI-only Turkey remains)
 Causes Empires to become even more autocratic
 Russia: Russification, pograms aimed at Jews
UNIFICATION OF GERMANY
• Otto von Bismarck-Conservative Junker
– “iron and blood” Chancellor?
– Ignored Parliament & Constitution and fought wars
–Three wars
1.
2.
Denmark-win border provinces
Austria (Seven Weeks War) Superior training
and equipment
3. France (Franco-Prussian War) Why? Southern
Germans were Catholics and made France look
bad
– Industrialization
– Heavy industry and railroads. Q. What did this create?
– Wealth for government and for people
• Kaiser Wilhelm I of Prussia
• Named Emperor of Second Reich. What was first?
• Holy Roman Empire. What was third?
• The Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler
UNIFICATION OF ITALY
 Count Camillo de Cavour
 Prime Minister of Sardinia - SUCCESS
1. Industrialized to keep up with the
rest of Europe
2. Expanded Empire through war
with Austria
1. Gained Lombardy in North
 Giuseppe Garibaldi & the Red Shirts
1. Unified southern Italy and Sicily
2. Joined forces with Cavour
3. Unified Venice, Rome, and Papal States
 Pope demanded that Vatican City be
totally independent of Italy
 Italy becomes a constitutional
monarchy  Victor Emmanuel II
PUSH-PULL FACTORS OF NATIONALISM
• Push:
– When a region, empire,
country has many ethnic
groups who are forced to
“live together” rivalries
may occur
• Voice in the government
• “haves” vs. “have-nots” –
economic strength
• Prejudices,
discrimination,
scapegoats . . .
– Can tear a region apart
• Pull
–When common goals are
present within an ethnic
group, nationalism can
draw people to
cooperate with each
other to achieve those
goals
–Common threat, natural
disasters
REVIEW
1. What are the top 3 reasons you believe Italy and Germany
unified their countries?



Nationalism – shared culture, history, language, etc
Industrialization – Creates wealth
Strong leadership and partnership with other leaders in country
2. How can nationalism be both a unifying force and a
disunifying force?


Unifying – unite people of same ethnic group, same beliefs
Disunifying – separate people along ethnic lines, cause persecution
of certain groups
EUROPE IN 1871