CATALYST
Using the symbolic representation for
nucleotides (see board), draw a mini DNA
molecule. Your drawing should meet the
following requirements:
• Contain 6 nucleotides total
• Label A, T, C, and Gs
• Label the 5’ and 3’ ends of each DNA strand
TODAY:
PROTEINS!
The Building Blocks of Proteins:
AMINO ACIDS!
R-groups affect Reactivity and Solubility
Amino Acids as Buffers:
How do Amino Acids Link
Together to Form Proteins?
Practice Peptide Bonding!
1. Draw two glycine amino acid
molecules side by side (glycine’s
R group is just “H”
2. Circle what atoms must be
removed in order for a peptide
bond to form
3. Draw the dipeptide that is formed
DIRECTIONALITY!
Protein Primary Structure
Primary Structure  Secondary Structure!
Hydrogen bonding!
Secondary Structure  Tertiary Structure
Tertiary Structure  Quaternary Structure
(in some proteins)
Hemoglobin’s Chemical Formula:
C3032H4816O872N780S8Fe4
Change in primary structure =
Change in function!
Mutated Cells
Change in structure =
Change in function!
Change in
structure =
Change in
function!
Levels of Protein Structure –
Group Demo
Levels of Protein Structure
In your group of 3 – 4 people…
1) Create a song / rap
2) Include all 4 levels of protein structure and
the types of bonds / attractive forces involved
in each level
From 20 building blocks…
A HUGE DIVERSITY OF
STRUCTURE!
Two Main Categories:
1) FIBROUS
Structure:
• Water insoluble
• Very tough
• Can be supple or stretchy
• Parrallel chains in long
fibers or sheets
Two Main Categories:
1) FIBROUS
Function:
• Structural support
- collagen in
connective tissue
• Contractile – actin
and myosin in
muscles
Two Main Categories:
2) GLOBULAR
Structure:
• Water soluble
• Tertiary /
quaternary
structure critical to
function
Two Main Categories:
2) GLOBULAR
Function: Protective (antibodies)
Two Main Categories:
2) GLOBULAR
Function: Transport (aquaporins, hemoglobin)
Two Main Categories:
2) GLOBULAR
Function: Catalytic (enzymes)
Two Main Categories:
2) GLOBULAR
Function: Regulatory (hormone receptors)
When Protein’s Go Awry = PRIONS!
Normal
Misfolded (Prion)
• Scrapie
• Kuru
• Mad Cow
Practice Free Response
10 points
One of the unifying themes in biology is that function follows
structure. Explain how the structure of proteins determines their
function by responding to the following:
Describe the structure of an amino acid (3)
Outline the formation of a protein from its primary structure to its
quaternary structure (4 points)
Discuss the relationship between protein structure and function in
fibrous and globular proteins (4)