New Leaders and New Ideas
in Europe during the 1930s
AP World History
Unit 5
Nazism
Totalitarianism
Communism
Fascism
These theories are completely different theories that are completed
opposed to one another; however they demonstrate the same behavior.
How did Totalitarianism come
about?
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Step 1 – Treaty of Versailles.
Step 2 – Stock Market Crash of 1929.
Step 3 – Great Depression of the 1930s.
Step 4 – Increased influence from new political
parties that emphasized government control.
Step 5 – Total control of the government by a
dictator.
You asked for it…so here it is…Welcome to a
Totalitarian state!!!
Characteristics of Totalitarianism
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Government establishes complete control
of all aspects of the state.
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Highly nationalistic.
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Political, military, economy, social, and
cultural.
Flags, salutes, rallies, and uniforms.
Strict controls and laws.
Military state.
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Secret police, army, and navy.
Characteristics of Totalitarianism
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Censorship.
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Opposing literature and ideas.
Propaganda
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Media
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One leader
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Radio, newspapers, and posters.
A charismatic dictator.
Total conformity of people to ideas and
the leader.
Terror and Fear.
Soviet Communism
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Also known as “Stalinism”.
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Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from
1922-1953.
Combines elements of communism with a
totalitarian and military state.
Fascism
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Fascism’s name comes from the “fasces”.
 An ancient Roman symbol of authority.
Intense nationalism and elitists mindset.
Totalitarian control
Interests of the state more important than individual
rights.
Maintains class system and private ownership.
Most well known example is in Italy.
 Lead by Benito Mussolini from 1922-1943.
Nazism
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Extreme form of Fascism, Nationalism, and
Totalitarianism.
Based on the beliefs of the National Socialist German
Workers Party.
Belief in a superior race.
 The Aryan or “master race”.
Belief that all Germans should have a
“living space” in Europe.
Violent hatred of Jews.
 Belief that Jews were the cause of all of
Germany’s problems.
Led by Adolf Hitler from 1933-1945.