Input/Output Design
- Physical design of output reports
and input forms
System Boundary
Output-design Objectives
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Serve the intended purpose
Deliver the right quantity of output
Deliver it to the right place
Provide output on time
Types of Outputs
• Internal outputs stay inside the system to
support the system's users and managers
– Detailed, Summary, Exception reports
• External outputs leave the system to trigger
actions on the part of their recipients or
confirm actions to their recipients
– Turnaround outputs are those which are
typically implemented as a report eventually reenters the system as an input
Internal Outputs
• Detailed Reports:
– Present information with little or no filtering or restrictions.
– Some detailed reports are historical in nature.
– Detailed reports confirm and document the successful processing
of transactions and serve as an audit trail for subsequent
management inquiry.
• Summary Reports:
– Categorizes information for managers
• Exception Reports:
– Filter data before it is presented to the manager as information.
– Exception reports only report exceptions to some condition or
standard.
Detailed Reports
Summary Reports
Exceptional Reports
External Outputs
• External outputs leave the system to trigger
actions on the part of their recipients or
confirm actions to their recipients
– Turnaround outputs are those which are
typically implemented as a report eventually reenters the system as an input
External Output
SoundStage Entertainment Club
Fax 317-494-0999
The following number must appear on all related correspondence,
shipping papers, and invoices:
P.O. NUMBER: 712812
To:
Ship To:
SoundStage Entertainment Club
Shipping/Receiving Station
Building A
2630 Darwin Drive
Indianapolis, IN 45213
SoundStage Entertainment Club
2625 Darwin Drive
Indianapolis, IN 45213
P.O. DATE
REQUISITIONER
SHIP VIA
5-3-96
ldb
ups
QTY
10000
F.O.B. POINT
TERMS
N30
DESCRIPTION
UNIT PRICE
TOTAL
Powder - VHS
19.99
199,900.00
5000
Now and Then - VHS
15.95
79,750.00
2500
Pulp Fiction Soundtrack - CD
7.99
19,975.00
U2 on Tour - T-shirt
3.49
1,570.50
Subtotal
301,195.50
Tax
15,059.77
Total
316,255.27
450
1. Please send two copies of your invoice.
2. Enter this order in accordance with the prices, terms, delivery method, and
specifications listed above.
3. Please notify us immediately if you are unable to ship as specified.
Authorized by
Date
Turnaround Output
SoundStage
Entertainment Club
Invoice No.
2630 Darwin Drive - Bldg B
Indianapolis, IN 45213
317-496-0998 fax 317-494-0999
Customer
Name
Carlina Smith
Address 3019 Duroc Drive
City
Little Rock
Phone
502-430-4545
INVOICE
Date
Order No.
State AR
301231
7/21/97
346910
ZIP 42653
Payment Amt
Detach and return top portion with payment
Qty
1
1
1
Description
Star Wars - Empire Strikes Back VHS
Eric Clapton Unplugged CD
Alladin VHS
Payment Details
Cash
Check
Credit Card
Name
CC #
Unit Price
$19.99
$13.99
$17.95
TOTAL
$19.99
$13.99
$17.95
SubTotal
Shipping & Handling
Taxes
$51.93
$7.00
$2.95
TOTAL
$61.88
Office Use Only
Expires
Please return top portion invoice with payment. Make checks payable to:
SoundStage Entertainment Club.
RETURN TOP PORTION WITH PAYMENT
Output Media
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Paper – tabular, zone output
Screen – graphic output
Point-of-Sale (POS) terminal
Video/Audio
Email
Hyperlink
Sample Report Prototype
Example of Graphic Output
Web based Output
System User Issues for Output Design
• Be simple to read and interpret.
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–
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Be dated and time-stamped.
Include sections and headings
Only required information should be displayed
Computer jargon and error messages should be
omitted
Input Design
Input Methods
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Keyboard, Mouse, Touch Screen
Point-of-Sale (ATM)
Sound, Speech
Optical Mark (OMR, Barcode)
Smart card
Biometric
Taxonomy
• Data capture
– the identification and acquisition of new data
• Data entry
– the process of translating data into a computerreadable format
• Data processing
Data Entry / Processing
• Batch input
– Key-to-disk (KTD) and key-to-tape (KTT)
• On-line input
– graphical user interface (GUI)
• Remote batch
Trends in Automatic Data
Collection Technology
• Biometric ADC (automatic data capture)
• Electromagnetic (radio)
• Optical (Bar coding )
– optical-mark reader (OMR) or opticalcharacter reader (OCR)
• Smart Cards
• Touch
System User Issues for Input
Design
• Capture only variable data.
• Do not capture data that can be calculated
or stored in computer programs.
• Use codes for appropriate attributes.
Suggestions for capture data
1. Include instructions for completing the
form
2. Minimize the amount of handwriting
3. Data to be entered should be sequenced so
that it can be read like book, top to bottom
and left to right
4. When possible, use design based on known
metaphors
Use Known Metaphors
Internal Controls for Inputs
• To ensure that the data input to the
computer is accurate and that the system is
protected against accidental and intentional
errors and abuse, including fraud
• Completeness checks
• Limit and range checks
• Combination checks
How to Prototype & Design
Computer Inputs
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Step 1: Review Input Requirements
Step 2: Select the GUI Controls
Step 3: Prototype the Input Screen
Step 4: If Necessary, Design or Prototype
the Source Document
Review Input Requirement
Prototype the Input Screen
Well-designed Source
Document
Web-based Input Prototype for
Web Shopping Cart