TANZANIA EXPERIENCE IN ADDRESSING GENDER BASED VIOLENCE PRESENTED AT A WORKSHOP AFRICAN REGION SECURITY ORGANS CAPACITY BUILDING ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS NATURE AND EXTENT OF GBV • Tanzania like other African countries GBV is a problem which need multisectoral efforts to address it. • We categorise GBV into two categories: o those of criminal nature and, o those of civil nature (adultery, bigamy etc) • Security organs directly deals with these of criminal nature while the rest is addressed by other institutions in a way of civil cases/petitions • The type of GBV related crimes which are mostly committed include rape, wife battering, early/school pregnancies, indecent assault, incest, just to mention a few. EXISTING INTERVENTIONS FOR GBV PREVENTION AND RESPONSE • The Ministry of Community Development, Gender and Children was established mainly to address women and children related issues • There is a National Gender Policy of which led to the developed a five years Strategic Plan of Actions (SPA) addressing Gender and children related issues • The strategic Plan of Actions outlined a number of objectives and activities • In implementing the SPA, there are a number of stakeholders who are engaged in addressing issues relating to Women and Children rights • These includes Human Rights Activists, Professionals like Tanzania Women Lawyers, Tanzania Media Women Association, WiLDAF, Tanzania Gender Networking Programme, Women Legal Aid Center, Legal and Human Right Centre and others, • They undertake various tasks such as providing legal aids, awareness campaign, dialogue with various groups of people, advocacy, creation of network, dissemination of educative legal material and sensitization • Capacity building for police officers on GBV related issued • Inclusion of the GBV related material in the Police Training Curricula • Operationalization of the police gender desk for 24 hours daily • Community policing through media and outreaching program • Mobile police stations INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL COMMITMENTS RATIFIED • Tanzania is among of the country ratified most of the International and Regional Human rights related Instruments except the recent UN HRC Resolution of June 2011 NATIONAL LAW AND POLICIES RELATED TO GBV PREVENTION AND RESPONSE • The Tanzanian Constitution 1977 amended from time to time has a chapter on human rights Enactments: • The Sexual Offences Special Provision Act 1998, introduced and criminalized various acts, by bringing a broader definition of rape, it imposed 30 years imprisonment for rape and life imprisonment for gang rape and others. Enactments… • Amendment of the Evidence Act to accommodate uncorroborated evidence of a single child victim/witness of a rape/sexual offences. • The Land Act 1999, provides the right over the registered land • The Village Land Act 1999, outline the rights over un-registered land. Both Acts recognize the right of a woman to own and inherit land, Enactments… • Land owned or acquired by the married couple during the subsistence of their marriage, no one has the right of the land over the other. The law require a spouse to sign the transaction involving transfer of ownership as evidence that she/he was consulted and consented • Law of Child Act 2009 brought in a common definition of a child to mean, any person below the age of 18 years, it also outlined the role of various stakeholders including a social welfare officer on child protection • National Gender Policy MECHANISM AND STRUCTURE ESTABLISHED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EXISTING LAWS • The Juvenile Court • Police Gender Desk • Children Protection Team at the district level comprised members from the Local Government, Health, Judiciary, Social Welfare Officer, Prosecutor, and the Police. • Radio educative programmes • School programmes “Our safety first” Usalama wetu Kwanza COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT • There are ward and village council which address all type of wrongs arising/committed within their locality and where necessary forward them to the police machinery or the primary court. EXISTING GAPS AND CHALLENGES • Ignorance of legal knowledge as the legal terminologies are very technical and in English language • Poverty is also another problem for the families who depend on the economic support from the perpetrator • Cultural values is another barrier as some tribes believe FGM is not a crime • Inadequate financial support to carry out the activities • Contradictions of the law for example the Law of a Child 2009 define a child as a person below the age of 18 years while the Law of Marriage Act 1971 allow marriage of a girl of 15 years. • In adequate number of judiciary personnel. In some districts you may find one magistrate serves two courts. WOMEN IN PEACEKEEPING • Formally it was hard to find women police from Tanzania serving at the peacekeeping missions due to lack of qualifications. • We appreciate the initiatives of the Pearson Peacekeeping in Canada for their tireless support in building women’s capacity which enabled Tanzanian Women Police to qualify. • Currently there are 46 women in the mission and 25 are waiting for the deployment after successfully undergone the test. CHALLENGES • The main challenge is driving the 4WD manual vehicle to the required standard • Family ties • Language to some extent is another barrier especially when they attend oral tests due to the pronunciations STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME • Regional Police Commanders have been asked to encourage women officers to learn driving 4WD vehicle especially for those aspiring to go for peacekeeping • Inclusion of peacekeeping materials in the training curricula for both at the initial training and at the higher learning police training institutions is intended to build the officers capacity. LESSON LEARNT AND WAY FORWARD • GBV is still a serious issue which need coordinated and integrated efforts to address it • It needs both political as well as community will • Knowledge of Peacekeeping is important to security organs not only for UN Peacekeeping Missions but also for keeping peace within our own country. The knowledge is a tool which must be invested to all security officers.