Integrating strategies to address gender-based
violence and engage men and boys to advance
gender equality through national HIV strategies
and plans
16 – 19 September, 2013
Dakar, Senegal
Bafana Khumalo & Nkonzo J. Khanyile
Introduction & Background
• The reports/score cards were developed by Sonke Gender
Justice Network, on behalf of the MenEngage Africa
Network, with the support of the (UNDP), (UNFPA) and
the Swedish International Development Cooperation
Agency (SIDA)
• It was developed to be used as an advocacy and
programming tool, to strengthen a focus on engaging men
for gender equality within national laws and policies
• Provides an analysis of whether selected policies, laws and
plans in the in the selected countries contain language
relating to the proactive and progressive engagement of
men and boys.
Introduction & Background Cont.
• It examines five key areas that are critical for gender
equality, namely:
–
–
–
–
–
HIV and AIDS;
Gender-Based Violence (GBV);
Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR);
Parenting; and
LGBTI.
Aims to provide the following:
• Importance of engaging men and boys in the
elimination of GBV and
• Offers an opportunity to address the gaps and
priorities identified in existing laws and
policies.
• It can also be used to identify key areas and
priorities for policy advocacy
Who should use this report
•
•
•
•
Civil society,
Governments,
Law and policy-makers as well as
Decision makers working in the
development of legislation
GBV
In spite of 5-10 years of laws against
GBV and prevention activities, rates still
alarmingly high
Results from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey – ICRW and Promundo
HIV
Benefit of
Plans made Plans made engaging
Links
to challenge to engage with men to
between HIV
or transform with men for support
and Gender
Gender prevention of PMTCT
addressed
Norms
GBV
processes
recognised
Marginalize
Male
Plans made
Plans made
d men’s
Plans made
circumcision Plans made to to target
to target men
needs
to encourage
roll-out
address
men for
for
accounted for
and enable
prioritised,
men’s
VCT and
Treatment
(e.g.
men to
including
attitudes
address
and address
Prisoners,
become
gender
towards
health
health
MSM,
involved in
equality
Condoms
seeking
seeking
refugees and
Carework
education
behaviour
behaviour
IDUs)
Cote D’Ivoire
2006-2010
Ethiopia
2009 – 2011
Kenya
2010 – 2013
Namibia
2011 – 2016
Rwanda
2009 - 2012
Sierra Leone
2011-2015
South Africa
2012-2016
Tanzania
2008 – 2012
Uganda
2008 – 2012
Zambia
2011 – 2015
Zimbabwe
2011 - 2014
Key
Room for
improveme
Adequate
Inadequate
nt /Mixed
policies
GBV
Commitment to
Sufficient
Efforts made
Gender-based
Level of
Men engaged Provision of
the
Acknowledgement
focus on
to protect
violence clearly
engagement as advocates rehabilitation transformation of the violence
preventative
LGBTI people
conceptualised
with men
for change
programmes
of gender
men experience
measures
from GBV
norms
UGANDA
ZAMBIA
RWANDA
SOUTH
AFRICA
DRC
KENYA
TANZANIA
MALAWI
SIERRA
LEONE
ZIMBABWE
ETHIOPIA
KEY
Engagement with men and
boys ranged from adequate
to impressive
Room for improvement/ a
mixture between strong
and weak policies
Policies were found to
be inadequate in terms
of the above criteria
Documents not located
Malawi
Namibia
Zimbabwe
DRC
Ethiopia
South
Africa
Kenya
Tanzania
Rwanda
Uganda
Zambia
Sierra
Leone
Men recognised as potential
advocates for change in terms of
transforming norms related to
SRHR
Plans to transform gender norms
related to SRH and health
seeking behaviour
The gendered needs of youth
and adolescents accounted for
Men included as partners in
terms of maternal health
services
Men included as partners in
terms of HIV, STI and general SRH
services
Medical male circumcision rollout prioritised, including gender
equality education
Men included as clients of
contraception and family
planning services
SRH needs of marginalised men
addressed
Men included as clients of other
SRH services
Men included as clients of HIV
and STI services
SRHR
Regional Gaps
• Policies very rarely address the need to target men to increase
their uptake of testing and treatment services, or understand and
then address attitudes to condom use, or become more involved
in care work.
• The need to engage men in GBV prevention efforts is not
highlighted within HIV policies.
• The needs of marginalised men are often referred to but the need
for tailor made services are rarely addressed. Much more work is
needed to address the needs of MSM, prisoners and LGBTI
people within HIV, GBV and SRH policies.
• A number of African countries need to criminalise marital rape,
and decriminalise HIV transmission, abortion and homosexuality.
• The need to address drivers of GBV such as gender norms and
target men for gender norms transformation work is not
adequately dealt with by most GBV policies.
Recommended language for NSPs on men,
gender inequalities, GBV and HIV
Overall
Gender norms to be addressed as root cause of HIV –
focus on gender norms transformation (young men)
Education
- Education on gender equality highlight benefits for men
- Comprehensive sexuality education for boys and girls
GBV
-Interventions to highlight role men can play in preventing
GBV, supporting GBV victims, and be advocates for change
- Address underlying gender-norms linked to violence
PMTCT/
Vertical
transmission
- Encourage men to support PMTCT as partners and
advocates (ensuring the do no harm and safety first
principles)
MMC
-Interventions to be part of a broader package and include
gender equality education
- Interventions to guard against inhibition
Recommended language for NSPs cont.
Condoms
-Research on men’s attitudes towards condom use
- changing men’s attitudes towards condom use
Testing
- Understand why men don’t test
- Use innovative methods to increase men’s HIV testing
Vulnerable
men
- condoms, lubrication , treatment and testing for prisoners
- interventions tailored to migrants, refugees and MSM
Treatment
-Encourage male health-seeking behaviour, as part of strategy
to improve their uptake of treatment
- Challenge gender norm that sickness = weakness
Care
economy
-Promote men in care work. Target for trained male care
givers
-Address gender-norms that caring is a female domain
Policy
Declaration
of intent …TALK
Demonstrable
Performances
…WALK
Programme
Thank you!
www.genderjustice.org.za
www.menengage.org
info@genderjustice.org.za
+27 11 339 3589