C.W. Shelmerdine
Introduction to Greek
2nd edition
(Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008)
Chapter 20
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types
Adjectives of the ἡδύς type
The adjective πᾶς
The liquid future (2nd principal part)
The liquid aorist (3rd principal part)
Review of liquid future and aorist forms
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types
Adjectives of the ἡδύς type
The adjective πᾶς
The liquid future (2nd principal part)
The liquid aorist (3rd principal part)
Review of liquid future and aorist forms
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
1. Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types
•
Some adjectives use third declension endings. Like third
declension nouns, the masculine and feminine forms are
identical. Thus the forms of the adjective σώφρων –ον
“prudent”
singular
σώφρων
σώφρονος
σώφρονι
σώφρονα
σῶφρον
plural
σώφρονες
σώφρόνων
σώφροσι
σώφρονας
Voc. = nom.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
1. Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types
•
Some adjectives use third declension endings. The
neuter forms are the same as the masculine/feminine, but
with the Neuter Law applied. Thus the forms of the
adjective σώφρων –ον “prudent”
singular
σῶφρον
σώφρονος
σώφρονι
Acc. = nom.
Voc. = nom.
plural
σώφρονα
σώφρόνων
σώφροσι
Acc. = nom.
Voc. = nom.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
1. Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types
•
Some adjectives use third declension endings and have
stems in -εσ, which then contract. The masculine and
feminine forms are identical. Thus the forms of the
adjective ἀληθής –ές “true”
singular
ἀληθής
ἀληθοῦς (έος)
ἀληθεῖ
ἀληθῆ (έα)
ἀληθές
plural
ἀληθεῖς (έες)
ἀληθῶν (έων)
ἀληθέσι
Acc. = nom.
Voc. = nom.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
1. Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types
•
Some adjectives use third declension endings and have
stems in -εσ, which then contract. The neuter forms have
the Neuter Law applied. Thus the forms of the adjective
ἀληθής –ές “true”
singular
ἀληθές
ἀληθοῦς (έος)
ἀληθεῖ
Acc. = nom.
Voc. = nom.
plural
ἀληθῆ (έα)
ἀληθῶν (έων)
ἀληθέσι
Acc. = nom.
Voc. = nom.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types
Adjectives of the ἡδύς type
The adjective πᾶς
The liquid future (2nd principal part)
The liquid aorist (3rd principal part)
Review of liquid future and aorist forms
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
2. Adjectives of the ἡδύς type
•
Some adjectives use third declension endings. Thus the
masculine forms of the adjective ἡδύς ἡδεῖα ἡδύ
“sweet”
singular
ἡδύς
ἡδέος
ἡδεῖ
ἡδύν
Voc. = nom.
plural
ἡδεῖς (έες)
ἡδέων
ἡδέσι
Acc. = nom.
Voc. = nom.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
2. Adjectives of the ἡδύς type
•
The feminine forms, however, revert to 1st declension
endings. Thus the adjective ἡδύς ἡδεῖα ἡδύ “sweet”
singular
Nom. ἡδεῖα
Gen. ἡδείας
Dat. ἡδείᾳ
Acc. ἡδεῖαν
Voc. = Nom.
plural
Nom. ἡδεῖαι
Gen. ἡδειῶν
Dat. ἡδείαις
Acc. ἡδείας
Voc. = Nom.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
2. Adjectives of the ἡδύς type
•
Some adjectives use third declension endings. Thus the
neuter forms of the adjective ἡδύς ἡδεῖα ἡδύ “sweet”
singular
ἡδύ
ἡδέος
ἡδεῖ
Acc. = nom.
Voc. = nom.
plural
ἡδέα
ἡδέων
ἡδέσι
Acc. = nom.
Voc. = nom.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types
Adjectives of the ἡδύς type
The adjective πᾶς
The liquid future (2nd principal part)
The liquid aorist (3rd principal part)
Review of liquid future and aorist forms
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
3. The adjective πᾶς
The adjective πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν “all” uses third declension
endings in the masculine:
singular
Nom. πᾶς
Gen. πάντος
Dat. πάντι
Acc. πάντα
Voc. = Nom.
plural
Nom. πάντες
Gen. πάντων
Dat. πᾶσι
Acc. πάντας
Voc. = Nom.
nom. sg.: παντσ  πας
dat. pl.: παντσι  πασι
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
3. The adjective πᾶς
The adjective πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν “all” uses first declension
endings in the feminine:
singular
Nom. πᾶσα
Gen. πάσης
Dat. πάσῃ
Acc. πᾶσαν
Voc. = Nom.
plural
Nom. πᾶσαι
Gen. πασῶν
Dat. πάσαις
Acc. πάσας
Voc. = Nom.
stem: πάντ-  πάασ-  πᾶσ-
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
3. The adjective πᾶς
The adjective πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν “all” uses third declension
endings in the neuter:
singular
Nom. πᾶν
Gen. πάντος
Dat. πάντι
Acc. = nom.
Voc. = nom.
plural
Nom. πάντα
Gen. πάντων
Dat. πᾶσι
Acc. = nom.
Voc. = nom.
nom. sg.: παντ  πάαν  πᾶν
dat. pl.: παντσι  πασι
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
3. The adjective πᾶς
The adjective πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν “all”
translates differently depending on position and article:
• attributive: “whole”
• ἡ πᾶσα χώρα the whole country
• predicate: “all”
• πᾶσαι αἱ χῶραι all the countries
• no article (singular): “every”
• πᾶσα χώρα every country
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types
Adjectives of the ἡδύς type
The adjective πᾶς
The liquid future (2nd principal part)
The liquid aorist (3rd principal part)
Review of liquid future and aorist forms
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
4. The liquid future (2nd principal part)
•
Verbs with a stem ending in λ, μ, ν, or ρ cannot add the σ
which normally marks the future, so they add an ε, which
then contracts like an –εω verb.
Unlike contractions in the present, the future principal part
is listed in its contracted form.
•
–
•
μένω, μενῶ, ἔμεινα
This future might also be deponent.
–
πίπτω, πεσοῦμαι, ἔπεσον
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types
Adjectives of the ἡδύς type
The adjective πᾶς
The liquid future (2nd principal part)
The liquid aorist (3rd principal part)
Review of liquid future and aorist forms
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
5. The liquid aorist (3rd principal part)
•
Verbs with a stem ending in λ, μ, ν, or ρ cannot add the σ
which normally marks the 1st (weak) aorist, so they omit the
σ and lengthen the stem vowel instead.
–
•
μένω, μενῶ, ἔμεινα
Otherwise, the forms of this aorist are the same as for any
1st (weak) aorist.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types
Adjectives of the ἡδύς type
The adjective πᾶς
The liquid future (2nd principal part)
The liquid aorist (3rd principal part)
Review of liquid future and aorist forms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
–
page 133 lists some verbs which have liquid and/or
future aorists.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
for next class (Monday, February 7, 2011):
• Quiz: vocabulary
– Adjectives: omit βραδύς, εὐγενής, εὐτυχής,
σώφρων.
• Prepare reading “Polycrates and the Ring 1:
Advice from Amasis.”
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
Exam 1 (Wednesday, February 9, 2011):
• For a contract verb (principal parts given),
write out all forms of the 1st/2nd/3rd person,
sing/pl, present/imperfect/aorist
indicative/infinitive. Test will specify either
active or middle.
• Write out the forms πᾶς (page 131).
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
Exam 1 (Wednesday, February 9, 2011):
• Translate a brief passage into clear, idiomatic
English.
• Parse selected words from this passage.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
ὁ Πολυκράτης, ὃς ἦν ὁ τῆς Σάμου τύραννος, ἦν
δυνατώτατος· φιλίαν δὲ ἐποιήσατο πρὸς Ἄμασιν τὸν
Αἰγύπτου βασιλέα· ἔπεμψεν οὖν δῶρα αὐτῷ καὶ ἄλλα
ἐδέξατο παρ' αὐτοῦ. ἐν χρόνῳ δὲ ὀλίγῳ ὁ Πολυκράτης
ἐστράτευε πανταχοῦ καὶ εὖ ἔπραττε τῇ στρατιᾷ· πολλῶν
μὲν δὴ τῶν τε νήσων ἐκράτησε καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ
πόλεων.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
ὁ Πολυκράτης,
ὃς ἦν ὁ τῆς Σάμου τύραννος,
ἦν δυνατώτατος·
φιλίαν δὲ ἐποιήσατο πρὸς Ἄμασιν τὸν Αἰγύπτου βασιλέα·
ἔπεμψεν οὖν δῶρα αὐτῷ
καὶ ἄλλα ἐδέξατο παρ' αὐτοῦ.
ἐν χρόνῳ δὲ ὀλίγῳ ὁ Πολυκράτης ἐστράτευε πανταχοῦ
καὶ εὖ ἔπραττε τῇ στρατιᾷ·
πολλῶν μὲν δὴ τῶν τε νήσων ἐκράτησε
καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ πόλεων.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
ὁ Πολυκράτης,
ὃς ἦν ὁ τῆς Σάμου τύραννος,
ἦν δυνατώτατος·
φιλίαν δὲ ἐποιήσατο πρὸς Ἄμασιν τὸν Αἰγύπτου βασιλέα·
ἔπεμψεν οὖν δῶρα αὐτῷ
καὶ ἄλλα ἐδέξατο παρ' αὐτοῦ.
ἐν χρόνῳ δὲ ὀλίγῳ ὁ Πολυκράτης ἐστράτευε πανταχοῦ
καὶ εὖ ἔπραττε τῇ στρατιᾷ·
πολλῶν μὲν δὴ τῶν τε νήσων ἐκράτησε
καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ πόλεων.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
τῷ δὲ Ἄμασι ἡ τοῦ Πολυκράτους εὐτυχία βαρὺ ἄλγος ἦν.
ἔγραψεν οὖν βραχεῖαν ἐπιστολὴν καὶ ἔπεμψεν εἰς Σάμον·
Ἄμασις Πολυκράτει ὧδε λέγει. ἡδὺ μέν ἐστιν, ὦ φίλε,
νομίζειν ἄνδρα φίλον καὶ ξένον εὖ πράττειν, ἐμοὶ δὲ αἱ
σαὶ μεγάλαι εὐτυχίαι οὐκ ἀρέσκουσιν. εἰ γάρ τις ἀεὶ
εὐτυχὴς ἐστιν, οἱ θεοὶ φθονοῦσιν. πείθου οὖν ἐμοὶ καὶ ὧδε
ποίησον· τῶν σῶν κτημάτων τὸ πλείστου ἄξιον ἀπόβαλε.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
τῷ δὲ Ἄμασι ἡ τοῦ Πολυκράτους εὐτυχία βαρὺ ἄλγος ἦν.
ἔγραψεν οὖν βραχεῖαν ἐπιστολὴν
καὶ ἔπεμψεν εἰς Σάμον·
Ἄμασις Πολυκράτει ὧδε λέγει.
ἡδὺ μέν ἐστιν, ὦ φίλε,
νομίζειν ἄνδρα φίλον καὶ ξένον εὖ πράττειν,
ἐμοὶ δὲ αἱ σαὶ μεγάλαι εὐτυχίαι οὐκ ἀρέσκουσιν.
εἰ γάρ τις ἀεὶ εὐτυχὴς ἐστιν,
οἱ θεοὶ φθονοῦσιν.
πείθου οὖν ἐμοὶ
καὶ ὧδε ποίησον·
τῶν σῶν κτημάτων τὸ πλείστου ἄξιον ἀπόβαλε.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
τῷ δὲ Ἄμασι ἡ τοῦ Πολυκράτους εὐτυχία βαρὺ ἄλγος ἦν.
ἔγραψεν οὖν βραχεῖαν ἐπιστολὴν
καὶ ἔπεμψεν εἰς Σάμον·
Ἄμασις Πολυκράτει ὧδε λέγει.
ἡδὺ μέν ἐστιν, ὦ φίλε,
νομίζειν ἄνδρα φίλον καὶ ξένον εὖ πράττειν,
ἐμοὶ δὲ αἱ σαὶ μεγάλαι εὐτυχίαι οὐκ ἀρέσκουσιν.
εἰ γάρ τις ἀεὶ εὐτυχὴς ἐστιν,
οἱ θεοὶ φθονοῦσιν.
πείθου οὖν ἐμοὶ
καὶ ὧδε ποίησον·
τῶν σῶν κτημάτων τὸ πλείστου ἄξιον ἀπόβαλε.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
ὁ δὲ Πολυκράτης δέχεται τὴν ἐπιστολὴν καὶ
ἀναγιγνώσκει · ἦν δ' αὐτῷ σφραγὶς σμαράγδου λίθου
χρυσόδετος. ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐδόκει αὐτῷ ἀποβαλεῖν, ἐποίει ὧδε·
ταχεῖαν ναῦν πληροῖ ἀνδρῶν καὶ αὐτὸς εἰσβαίνει εἰς
αὐτήν, μετὰ δὲ ἀναγαγεῖν κελεύει τοὺς ναύτας εἰς τὸ
εὐρὺ πέλαγος· ὡς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς νήσου ἑκάς εἰσιν, βάλλει τὴν
σφραγῖδα εἰς τὸ πέλαγος.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
ὁ δὲ Πολυκράτης δέχεται τὴν ἐπιστολὴν
καὶ ἀναγιγνώσκει ·
ἦν δ' αὐτῷ σφραγὶς σμαράγδου λίθου χρυσόδετος.
ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐδόκει αὐτῷ ἀποβαλεῖν,
ἐποίει ὧδε·
ταχεῖαν ναῦν πληροῖ ἀνδρῶν
καὶ αὐτὸς εἰσβαίνει εἰς αὐτήν,
μετὰ δὲ ἀναγαγεῖν κελεύει τοὺς ναύτας
εἰς τὸ εὐρὺ πέλαγος·
ὡς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς νήσου ἑκάς εἰσιν,
βάλλει τὴν σφραγῖδα εἰς τὸ πέλαγος.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
ὁ δὲ Πολυκράτης δέχεται τὴν ἐπιστολὴν
καὶ ἀναγιγνώσκει ·
ἦν δ' αὐτῷ σφραγὶς σμαράγδου λίθου χρυσόδετος.
ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐδόκει αὐτῷ ἀποβαλεῖν,
ἐποίει ὧδε·
ταχεῖαν ναῦν πληροῖ ἀνδρῶν
καὶ αὐτὸς εἰσβαίνει εἰς αὐτήν,
μετὰ δὲ ἀναγαγεῖν κελεύει τοὺς ναύτας
εἰς τὸ εὐρὺ πέλαγος·
ὡς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς νήσου ἑκάς εἰσιν,
βάλλει τὴν σφραγῖδα εἰς τὸ πέλαγος.
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
44 εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς, Οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι μου οὓς ἐλάλησα
πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔτι ὢν σὺν ὑμῖν, ὅτι δεῖ πληρωθῆναι πάντα τὰ
γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῖς προφήταις
καὶ ψαλμοῖς περὶ ἐμοῦ. 45 τότε διήνοιξεν αὐτῶν τὸν νοῦν
τοῦ συνιέναι τὰς γραφάς.
γεγραμμένα
(nom. pl. neut. perf. part. pass.)
“which was written”
γραφή -ῆς ἡ scripture
διανοίγω open up
εἶπεν (3rd sg aor. indic. act.) say
λαλέω talk, say
Μωϋσῆς Μωϋσέως ὁ Moses
νοῦς νοῦ ὁ mind
πληρόω fill, fulfill
προφήτης –ου ὁ prophet
συνίημι understand
τοῦ συνιέναι toward understanding
ψαλμός –οῦ ὁ psalm
ὤν (masc. nom. sg. pres. part. act.)
“while I was”
Shelmerdine Chapter 20
46 καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὅτι Οὕτως γέγραπται παθεῖν τὸν
Χριστὸν καὶ ἀναστῆναι ἐκ νεκρῶν τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ, 47 καὶ
κηρυχθῆναι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ μετάνοιαν καὶ ἄφεσιν
ἁμαρτιῶν εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη - ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ
Ἰερουσαλήμ· 48 ὑμεῖς μάρτυρες τούτων.
Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Λουκᾶν 24.44-49
ἁμαρτία –ας ἡ sin
ἀναστῆναι (aor. inf. act.) stand up
ἄφεσις –εως ἡ absolution
ἀρξάμενοι (masc. nom. pl. pres. mid. part. )
“beginning”
γέγραπται 3rd sg. perf. indic. pass.
“it was written”
γραφή -ῆς ἡ scripture
κηρύττω proclaim
ἔθνος –ους τό people, nation
εἶπεν (3rd sg aor. indic. act.) say
μάρτυς –τυρος ὁ witness, martyr
μετάνοια –ας ἡ conversion
νεκρός –ά -όν dead
οὕτως this way
παθεῖν (aor. inf. act.) < πάσχω “suffer”
τούτων of these things
τρίτος -η -ον third