Chapter 34
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C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 34 Shelmerdine Chapter 34 1. 2. 3. 4. εἶμι, ‘go’ ἵημι Temporal clauses with ἕως, μέχρι and ἔστε Temporal clauses with πρίν Shelmerdine Chapter 34 1. 2. 3. 4. εἶμι, ‘go’ ἵημι Temporal clauses with ἕως, μέχρι and ἔστε Temporal clauses with πρίν Shelmerdine Chapter 34 1. εἶμι, ‘go’ • • • The verb εἶμι “go” serves as the imperfect and future indicative, plus the present subjunctive and optative of ἔρχομαι “come, go” It is another –μι verb. It has the simple stem ι–. Because this stem is so short, it can be easily overlooked and the forms confused with εἰμί “be.” Shelmerdine Chapter 34 • • • • • • • εἰμί “be” εἰμί εἶ ἐστί(ν) ἐσμέν ἐστέ εἰσί(ν) Present Tense stem = εσ • • • • • • • εἶμι “go” εἶμι εἶ εἶσι(ν) ἴμεν ἴτε ἴασι(ν) Present Tense stem = ι Shelmerdine Chapter 34 • • • • • • • εἰμί “be” ἦ/ἦν ἦσθα ἦν ἦμεν ἦτε ἦσαν Imperfect Tense stem = ε(σ) • • • • • • • εἶμι “go” ᾖα/ᾔειν ᾔεισθα/ᾔεις ᾔειν/ᾔει ᾖμεν ᾖτε ᾖσαν/ᾔεσαν Imperfect Tense stem = ει Shelmerdine Chapter 34 • • • • • • εἰμί “be” ὦ ἦς ἦ ἦμεν ἦτε • ὦσιν • • • • • • • εἶμι “go” ἴω ἴης ἴη ἴημεν ἴητε ἴωσιν Subjunctive Mood Shelmerdine Chapter 34 • • • • • • εἰμί “be” εἴην εἴης εἴη εἶμεν εἶτε • εἶεν • • • • • • • εἶμι “go” ἴοιμι ἴοις ἴοι ἴοιμεν ἴοιτε ἴοιεν Optative Mood Shelmerdine Chapter 34 • εἰμί “be” • imperatives • εἶμι “go” • imperatives – ἴσθι, ἔστε – ἔστω, ἔστων/ὄντων • infinitive – εἶναι • participle – ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν – ἴθι, ἴτε – ἴτω, ἰόντων • infinitive – ἰέναι • participle – ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν Other moods Shelmerdine Chapter 34 1. εἶμι, ‘go’ • In Moodle is posted a .pdf which lays out the system of many Greek verbs of coming and going across the tenses and moods. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 1. 2. 3. 4. εἶμι, ‘go’ ἵημι Temporal clauses with ἕως, μέχρι and ἔστε Temporal clauses with πρίν Shelmerdine Chapter 34 2. ἵημι • • • In this chapter, you are learning the verb ἵημι “throw” This verb is athematic only in the present, imperfect, and aorist tenses. In every other tense, it is completely regular. It is similar to τίθημι, with the vowel ε/η shift. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 2. ἵημι • • ἵημι“throw” has the stem ἵη/ἵε Its principal parts are: – ἵημι, ἥσω, ἧκα, εἷκα, εἷμαι, εἵθην Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ACTIVE singular • ἵημι η for ε • ἵης • ἵησι plural • ἵεμεν • ἵετε • ἱᾶσι MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular • ἵεμαι • ἵεσαι • ἵεται plural • ἱέμεθα • ἵεσθε • ἵενται present tense stem = ἱε Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ACTIVE singular • ἵην • ἵεις • ἵει plural • ἵεμεν • ἵετε • ἵεσαν η/ει for ε MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular • ἱέμην • ἵεσο • ἵετο plural • ἱέμεθα • ἵεσθε • ἵεντο imperfect tense stem = ἱε Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ACTIVE singular • ἧκα • ἧκας • ἧκε plural • εἷμεν • εἷτε • εἷσαν ηκ for ει MIDDLE singular • εἵμην • εἷο • εἷτο plural • εἵμεθα • εἷσθε • εἷντο aorist tense stem = εἱ Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ACTIVE present • ἱέναι aorist • εἷναι MIDDLE present • ἵεσθαι aorist • ἕσθαι infinitives Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ACTIVE present MIDDLE present • ἱείς ἱεῖσα ἱέν • ἱέμενος -η -ον aorist aorist • εἵς εἷσα ἕν • ἕμενος -η -ον Participles All forms after the nominative are regular Shelmerdine Chapter 34 2. ἵημι • • • Ιn the imperative mood, ἵημι is mostly regular. In the present active, the stem is ἱε- and the 2nd person singular ending –ε contracts (ἵει). In the aorist active, the stem is ἑ- and the 2nd person singular form is ἕς. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 1. εἶμι, ‘go’ 2. ἵημι 3. Temporal clauses with ἕως, μέχρι and ἔστε 4. Temporal clauses with πρίν Shelmerdine Chapter 34 3. Temporal clauses with ἕως, μέχρι and ἔστε • In speaking of a definite temporal correlation, usually in the past, the conjunctions ἕως, μέχρι and ἔστε mean “until,” “as long as,” “while” etc., setting up another indicative verb. – ἐμείναμεν ἕως ἦλθον. • – “We waited until they came.” ἐμείναμεν μέχρι οἱ βάρβαροι παρῆσαν. • “We waited as long as (while) the foreigners were present.” Shelmerdine Chapter 34 3. Temporal clauses with ἕως, μέχρι and ἔστε • Referring to a future time, after a primary tense main verb, the conjunctions ἕως, μέχρι and ἔστε mean “until,” setting up a subjunctive verb (accompanied by ἄν). – μενοῦμεν ἕως ἂν οἱ βάρβαροι ἀπέρχωνται. • “We will wait until the foreigners go away Shelmerdine Chapter 34 3. Temporal clauses with ἕως, μέχρι and ἔστε • In an unreal or uncertain context, after a secondary tense main verb, the conjunctions ἕως, μέχρι and ἔστε mean “in anticipation” of an event, setting up an optative verb (without ἄν), as is usual following the sequence of tenses. – ἐμείνομεν ἕως οἱ βάρβαροι ἀπέρχοιντο. • “We waited expecting that the foreigners would go away. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 1. 2. 3. 4. εἶμι, ‘go’ ἵημι Temporal clauses with ἕως, μέχρι and ἔστε Temporal clauses with πρίν Shelmerdine Chapter 34 4. Temporal clauses with πρίν • With a negative main clause, especially the imperfect, the conjunction πρίν means “until,” setting up an indicative verb for an actual event or a subjunctive verb (accompanied by ἄν) for a theoretical one. – οὐκ ἐλίπομεν πρὶν ἦλθον. • • – “We did not leave until they came.” indicative with a real event οὔποτε λείπομεν πρὶν ἂν ἔλθωσιν. • • “We never leave until they come.” subjunctive with a general situation Shelmerdine Chapter 34 4. Temporal clauses with πρίν • The conjunction πρίν means “before” when it sets up an infinitive verb, mostly with a positive main clause. – ἦλθον πρὶν ἡμᾶς λιπεῖν. • “They came before we left.” Shelmerdine Chapter 34 for next class (Tuesday, May 3, 2011): • Quiz: Fill in the blank on indicative verb endings on “Master List of Endings” • “Socrates’ Defense Speech” Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ἴσως οὖν ἄν τις εἴποι· Σιγῶν δὲ καὶ ἡσυχίαν ἄγων, ὦ Σώκρατες, οὐχ οἷός τ' ἔσει ἀπιέναι καὶ ζῆν ἐν ἄλλῃ τινὶ χώρᾳ; τοῦτο δή ἐστι πάντων χαλεπώτατον πεῖσαί τινας ὑμῶν. ἐὰν μὲν γὰρ λέγω ὅτι τῷ θεῷ ἀπειθεῖν τοῦτ' ἔστι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀδύνατον ἡσυχίαν ἄγειν, οὐ πείσεσθέ μοι· Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ἴσως οὖν ἄν τις εἴποι· Σιγῶν δὲ καὶ ἡσυχίαν ἄγων, ὦ Σώκρατες, οὐχ οἷός τ' ἔσει ἀπιέναι καὶ ζῆν ἐν ἄλλῃ τινὶ χώρᾳ; τοῦτο δή ἐστι πάντων χαλεπώτατον πεῖσαί τινας ὑμῶν. ἐὰν μὲν γὰρ λέγω ὅτι τῷ θεῷ ἀπειθεῖν τοῦτ' ἔστι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀδύνατον ἡσυχίαν ἄγειν, οὐ πείσεσθέ μοι· Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ἐὰν δὲ λέγω ὅτι τοῦτο τυγχάνει μέγιστον ἀγαθὸν ὂν ἀνθρώπῳ, ἑκάστης ἡμέρας περὶ ἀρετῆς διαλέγεσθαι καὶ τῶν ἄλλων περὶ ὧν ὑμεῖς ἐμοῦ ἀκούετε διαλεγομένου, ὁ δ' ἀνεξέταστος βίος οὐ βιωτὸς ἀνθρώπῳ, ταῦτα δ' ἔτι ἧττον πείσεσθέ μοι λέγοντι. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 ἐὰν δὲ λέγω ὅτι τοῦτο τυγχάνει μέγιστον ἀγαθὸν ὂν ἀνθρώπῳ, ἑκάστης ἡμέρας περὶ ἀρετῆς διαλέγεσθαι καὶ τῶν ἄλλων περὶ ὧν ὑμεῖς ἐμοῦ ἀκούετε διαλεγομένου, ὁ δ' ἀνεξέταστος βίος οὐ βιωτὸς ἀνθρώπῳ, ταῦτα δ' ἔτι ἧττον πείσεσθέ μοι λέγοντι. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἦν μοι χρήματα, ἐτιμησάμην ἂν χρημάτων ὅσα ἔμελλον ἐκτείσειν· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἂν ἐβλάβην. νῦν δὲ, οὐ γὰρ ἔστι μοι χρήματα πολλά, ἴσως ἂν δυναίμην ἐκτεῖσαι ὑμῖν μνᾶν ἀργυρίου· τοσούτου οὖν τιμῶμαι. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἦν μοι χρήματα, ἐτιμησάμην ἂν χρημάτων ὅσα ἔμελλον ἐκτείσειν· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἂν ἐβλάβην. νῦν δὲ, οὐ γὰρ ἔστι μοι χρήματα πολλά, ἴσως ἂν δυναίμην ἐκτεῖσαι ὑμῖν μνᾶν ἀργυρίου· τοσούτου οὖν τιμῶμαι. Shelmerdine Chapter 34 for next class (Tuesday, May 3, 2011): • Quiz: • Chapter 34 Biblical reading Shelmerdine Chapter 34 12 Ἰδοὺ ἔρχομαι ταχύ, καὶ ὁ μισθός μου μετ’ ἐμοῦ, ἀποδοῦναι ἑκάστῳ ὡς τὸ ἔργον ἐστὶν αὐτοῦ. 13 ἐγὼ τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος. 14 Μακάριοι οἱ πλύνοντες τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν, ἵνα ἔσται ἡ ἐξουσία αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς καὶ τοῖς πυλῶσιν εἰσέλθωσιν εἰς τὴν πόλιν. 15 ἔξω οἱ κύνες καὶ οἱ φάρμακοι καὶ οἱ πόρνοι καὶ οἱ φονεῖς καὶ οἱ εἰδωλολάτραι καὶ πᾶς φιλῶν καὶ ποιῶν ψεῦδος. ἀποδίδωμι give, pay ἀρχή -ῆς ἡ beginning εἰδωλολάτρης –ου ὁ servant of idols ἐξουσία –ας ἡ authority, right ἔσχατος –η –ον last ἰδού look! κύων κυνός ὁ dog μακάριος –α –ον blessed μισθός –οῦ ὁ pay πλύνω wash πόρνος –ου ὁ sexual deviant πυλών -ῶνος ὁ gateway στολή –ῆς ἡ robe φάρμακος –ου ὁ sorcerer φονεύς –έως ὁ murderer Shelmerdine Chapter 34 16 Ἐγὼ Ἰησοῦς ἔπεμψα τὸν ἄγγελόν μου μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις. ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος Δαυίδ, ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς ὁ πρωϊνός. 17 Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἔρχου. καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἔρχου. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐρχέσθω, ὁ θέλων λαβέτω ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν. ἀστήρ –έρος ὁ star διψάω be thirsty δωρεά -ᾶς ἡ gift θέλω = ἐθέλω ἐκκλησία –ας ἡ church λαμπρός –ά –όν shining μαρτυρέω witness νύμφη –ης ἡ bride πνεῦμα –ατος τό breath, spirit πρωϊνός –ή –όν morning ῥίζα –ης ἡ root Shelmerdine Chapter 34 18 Μαρτυρῶ ἐγὼ παντὶ τῷ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου· ἐάν τις ἐπιθῇ ἐπ’ αὐτά, ἐπιθήσει ἐπ’ αὐτὸν ὁ θεὸς τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ· 19 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων τοῦ βιβλίου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφελεῖ ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ. 20 Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα, Ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ. Ἀμήν, ἔρχου, κύριε Ἰησοῦ. 21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ μετὰ πάντων. (Ἀποκάλυψις 22.12-21) ἅγιος –α –ον holy ἀφαιρέω –ελῶ -εῖλον take away βιβλίον –ου τό book ἐπιτίθημι put on, add ζωή -ῆς ἡ life κύριος –ου ὁ lord μαρτυρέω witness μέρος –ους τό part, portion ναί yes ξύλον –ου τό wood, tree πληγή -ῆς ἡ beating, plague προφητεία –ας ἡ prophecy Shelmerdine Chapter 34 for next class (Thursday, May 5, 2011): • Final class meeting Shelmerdine Chapter 34 Final Exam (Monday, Monday May 9, 2011) 3:00-5:00pm: • Fill in the verb endings (all those highlighted in red) on “Master List of Verb Endings” • Fill in the endings (all those highlighted in red) on “Master List of Participle Endings” Shelmerdine Chapter 34 Final Exam (Monday, Monday May 9, 2011) 3:00-5:00pm: • Translate a brief passage into clear, idiomatic English. • Parse selected words from this passage.
