Shelmerdine Chapter 30
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C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 30 Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. 2. 3. 4. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective Correlative pronouns/adjectives Correlative adverbs Conditional relative and temporal clauses Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. 2. 3. 4. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective Correlative pronouns/adjectives Correlative adverbs Conditional relative and temporal clauses Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • • ὅστις is simply the relative pronoun ὅς ἥ ὅ followed by the indefinite pronoun τις τι, written together as one word. As the combination implies, it means “anyone who/anything which” or “whoever/whatever.” Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective Masc Fem Neuter ὅστις οἵτινες οὗτινος ὧντινων ᾧτινι οἷστισι(ν) ὅντινα οὕστινας ἥστις αἵτινες ἧστινος ὧντινων ᾗτινι αἷστισι(ν) ἥντινα ἅστινας ὅ τι οὗτινος ᾧτινι ὅ τί ἅτινα ὧντινων οἷστισι(ν) ἅτινα Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • • ὅστις has two common functions. (1) generalizing relative pronoun/adjective – στρατηγὸς εὐδαίμων ὅστις νικᾷ. • – Any general who wins is happy. ἔστιν ὅστις οὔποτε ἁμαρτάνει; • Is there anyone who never makes a mistake? Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • • ὅστις has two common functions. (2) interrogative in indirect questions – τίς νικᾷ; • – Who is winning? ἐρωτῶ ὅστις νικᾷ. • I ask who is winning. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective • • The neuter accusative singular of ὅστις written ὅ τι means “anything which.” This form is used often and, by means of the accusative of respect (“somehow with respect to which”), comes to mean “because,” “that,” etc. In this meaning, it is conventionally written as one word, ὅτι. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. 2. 3. 4. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective Correlative pronouns/adjectives Correlative adverbs Conditional relative and temporal clauses Shelmerdine Chapter 30 Interrogative Indefinite (enclitic) Demonstrative Relative Indef Rel /Indir Interrog τίς who? τις someone οὗτος this ὅς who ὅστις whoever πόσος how much? ποσός some amount τοσοῦτος this much ὅσος as much as ὁπόσος however much ποῖος what kind? ποιός some kind τοιοῦτος this kind οἷος ὁποῖος the kind which whatever kind Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. 2. 3. 4. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective Correlative pronouns/adjectives Correlative adverbs Conditional relative and temporal clauses Shelmerdine Chapter 30 Interrogative Indefinite (enclitic) ποῦ where? Demonstrative που ἐνταῦθα somewhere here, there πόθεν ποθέν ἐντεῦθεν from where? somewhere from there Relative Indef Rel (Indir Interrog) οὗ where ὅπου where(ever) ὅθεν ὁπόθεν from where from where(ever) ποῖ to where? ποι to ἐνταῦθα οἷ somewhere to here, to there to where ὅποι to where(ever) πότε when? ποτέ ever τότε then ὅτε when ὁπότε when(ever) πῶς how? πως somehow οὕτως this way, thus ὡς as, how ὅπως how(ever) Shelmerdine Chapter 30 1. 2. 3. 4. The indefinite relative pronoun/adjective Correlative pronouns/adjectives Correlative adverbs Conditional relative and temporal clauses Shelmerdine Chapter 30 4. Conditional relative and temporal clauses • An indefinite relative pronoun or adverb can set up a general clause equivalent to a protasis with a subjunctive (accompanied by ἄν). – ἐὰν δῶρα πέμπωσιν, τὴν εἰρήνην διώκομεν. • – “In general, if they send gifts, we pursue peace.” ὁπόταν δῶρα πέμπωσιν, τὴν εἰρήνην διώκομεν. • • “Whenever they send gifts, we pursue peace.” ὁπόταν = ὁπότε + ἄν Shelmerdine Chapter 30 4. Conditional relative and temporal clauses • With secondary tenses, an indefinite relative pronoun or adverb can set up a general clause equivalent to a protasis with an optative. – εἰ δῶρα πέμψειαν, τὴν εἰρήνην ἐδιώκομεν. • – ὁπότε δῶρα πέμψειαν, τὴν εἰρήνην ἐδιώκομεν. • – “In general, if they sent gifts, we pursued peace.” “Whenever they sent gifts, we pursued peace.” οἵτινες δῶρα πέμψειαν τὴν εἰρήνην ἐδέχοντο. • “Whoever sent gifts received peace.” Shelmerdine Chapter 30 for next class (Monday, April 11, 2011): • Quiz: Vocabulary Chapter 30 – from section 3 omit: πόθεν/ποθέν, ποῖ/ποι, οἷ, ὁπόθεν, ὅποι • Prepare Biblical Reading 30 Shelmerdine Chapter 30 τούτων δὲ παρόντων, βλέψας πρὸς τὸν Κῦρον ὁ Ἀστυάγης ἔφη· Σὺ δὴ ὢν παῖς τοιούτου ἀνδρὸς ἐτόλμησας τὸν τοῦδε παῖδα ὄντος πρώτου παρ' ἐμοὶ ὧδε ὑβρίζειν; ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατο· Ὦ δέσποτα, ἐγὼ ταῦτα δικαίως ἐποίησα. οἱ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς κώμης παῖδες, ὧν καὶ ὅδε ἦν, παίζοντες ἐμὲ ἑαυτῶν ἐστήσαντο ἑαυτῶν βασιλέα. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 τούτων δὲ παρόντων, βλέψας πρὸς τὸν Κῦρον ὁ Ἀστυάγης ἔφη· Σὺ δὴ ὢν παῖς τοιούτου ἀνδρὸς ἐτόλμησας τὸν τοῦδε παῖδα ὄντος πρώτου παρ' ἐμοὶ ὧδε ὑβρίζειν; ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατο· Ὦ δέσποτα, ἐγὼ ταῦτα δικαίως ἐποίησα. οἱ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς κώμης παῖδες, ὧν καὶ ὅδε ἦν, παίζοντες ἐμὲ ἑαυτῶν ἐστήσαντο ἑαυτῶν βασιλέα. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 ἐδόκουν γὰρ αὐτοῖς εἶναι ἐπιτηδειότατος. οἱ μὲν οὖν ἄλλοι παῖδες ἃ ἐκέλευσα ἔπραξαν, οὗτος δὲ οὐκ ἐπείθετο, ἐκολάσθη οὖν. εἰ οὖν δὴ τούτου ἕνεκα ἄξιος κακοῦ τινός εἰμι, ὅδε πάρειμι. ταῦτα λέγοντος τοῦ παιδός, ὁ Ἀστυάγης ἐδόκει ἀναγνωρίζειν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ καὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἄφθογγος ἦν. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 ἐδόκουν γὰρ αὐτοῖς εἶναι ἐπιτηδειότατος. οἱ μὲν οὖν ἄλλοι παῖδες ἃ ἐκέλευσα ἔπραξαν, οὗτος δὲ οὐκ ἐπείθετο, ἐκολάσθη οὖν. εἰ οὖν δὴ τούτου ἕνεκα ἄξιος κακοῦ τινός εἰμι, ὅδε πάρειμι. ταῦτα λέγοντος τοῦ παιδός, ὁ Ἀστυάγης ἐδόκει ἀναγνωρίζειν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ καὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἄφθογγος ἦν. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 τοῦ δὲ Ἀρτεμβάρους ἀποπεμφθέντος, ἐκέλευσε τοὺς θεράποντας ἔσω ἄγειν τὸν Κῦρον. ἐπεὶ δὲ παρῆν ὁ βουκόλος μόνος, ὁ Ἀστυάγης τάδε ἠρώτησεν· Πόθεν ἔλαβες τὸν παῖδα καὶ τίς σοι ἔδωκεν αὐτόν; ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατο ὅτι ἐστὶν ὁ ἐαυτοῦ παῖς. ὁ δὲ Ἀστυάγης ἐσήμαινε τοῖς δορυφόφοις συλλαμβάνειν καὶ τύπτειν αὐτόν. ὁ δὲ μεγίστῃ ἀπορίᾳ ὤν, πάντα ἐξηγεῖτο καὶ ᾔτησε τὸν βασιλέα ἑαυτῷ συγγιγνώσκειν. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 τοῦ δὲ Ἀρτεμβάρους ἀποπεμφθέντος, ἐκέλευσε τοὺς θεράποντας ἔσω ἄγειν τὸν Κῦρον. ἐπεὶ δὲ παρῆν ὁ βουκόλος μόνος, ὁ Ἀστυάγης τάδε ἠρώτησεν· Πόθεν ἔλαβες τὸν παῖδα καὶ τίς σοι ἔδωκεν αὐτόν; ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατο ὅτι ἐστὶν ὁ ἐαυτοῦ παῖς. ὁ δὲ Ἀστυάγης ἐσήμαινε τοῖς δορυφόφοις συλλαμβάνειν καὶ τύπτειν αὐτόν. ὁ δὲ μεγίστῃ ἀπορίᾳ ὤν, πάντα ἐξηγεῖτο καὶ ᾔτησε τὸν βασιλέα ἑαυτῷ συγγιγνώσκειν. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 5 καὶ λαλήσουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς πρὸς τὸν λαὸν λέγοντες Τίς ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ οἰκοδομήσας οἰκίαν καινὴν καὶ οὐκ ἐνεκαίνισεν αὐτήν; πορευέσθω καὶ ἀποστραφήτω εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἕτερος ἐγκαινιεῖ αὐτήν. ἀποστραφήτω < ἀποστρέφω turn away γραμματεύς –έως ὁ secretary, scribe ἐγκαινίζω renew, dedicate ἕτερος –α –ον other καινός –ή –όν new λαλέω = λέγω λαός –οῦ ὁ the people οἰκία –ας ἡ household οἰκοδομέω build a house Shelmerdine Chapter 30 6 καὶ τίς ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὅστις ἐφύτευσεν ἀμπελῶνα καὶ οὐκ εὐφράνθη ἐξ αὐτοῦ; πορευέσθω καὶ ἀποστραφήτω εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἕτερος εὐφρανθήσεται ἐξ αὐτοῦ. 7 καὶ τίς ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὅστις μεμνήστευται γυναῖκα καὶ οὐκ ἔλαβεν αὐτήν; πορευέσθω καὶ ἀποστραφήτω εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἕτερος λήμψεται αὐτήν. ἀποστραφήτω < ἀποστρέφω turn away ἀμπελών –ος ὁ vineyard ἕτερος –α –ον other εὐφραίνω delight in, be happy μνηστεύω betroth οἰκία –ας ἡ household φυτεύω grow Shelmerdine Chapter 30 8 καὶ προσθήσουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς λαλῆσαι πρὸς τὸν λαὸν καὶ ἐροῦσιν Τίς ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ φοβούμενος καὶ δειλὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ; πορευέσθω καὶ ἀποστραφήτω εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ, ἵνα μὴ δειλιάνῃ τὴν καρδίαν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ὥσπερ ἡ αὐτοῦ. ἀδελφός -οῦ ὁ brother ἀποστραφήτω < ἀποστρέφω turn away γραμματεύς –έως ὁ secretary, scribe δειλιαίνω make cowardly δειλός –η –ον cowardly ἐρέω used as future of λέγω καινός –ή –όν new καρδία –ας ἡ heart λαλέω = λέγω λαός –οῦ ὁ the people οἰκία –ας ἡ household προστίθημι here ”go further to” φοβέω frighten Shelmerdine Chapter 30 Exam 4 (Tuesday, April 12, 2011): • For ἵστημι (principal parts given), write out all forms of the 1st/2nd/3rd person, sing/pl, present/imperfect/aorist indicative/infinitive active (see pages 154 and 156). Since ἵστημι has both a weak and a strong aorist, blanks will be provided to write both. Shelmerdine Chapter 30 Exam 4 (Tuesday, April 12, 2011): • Given a noun, write out the full declension of the noun with its definite article and the aorist passive participle of ἵστημι (σταθείς; see page 148 for the pattern). The translation will indicate whether to place it in the attributive or predicate position. • Translate a brief passage into clear, idiomatic English. • Parse selected words from this passage.
