QWC Additional Travel Card
Question
Command word:
Describe – set out
facts or
characteristics.
What/when/ where.
Value
6 marks
Different models have been
proposed to explain how
memory works.
Connectives:
Whereas,
alternatively, unlike,
equally, consequently,
unless, if, as long
as, however, such as,
for instance, this
means, . . .
Describe the multi-store
model for memory. You may
include a diagram if this
will help your explanation.
Route
Memory
QWC Additional Travel Card
Mark
band
1-2
3-4
5-6
Science Points
Success criteria
Limited use of specialist terms.
Answer may simply refer to
learning techniques and not the
model. SPAG poor.
Answer includes a detailed
description of the model. There is
good use of specialist terms. SPAG
is good and it generally flows.
The response is clear and concise.
There is a full description of the
model and examples of how we
remember information. Key terms
are used effectively. Excellent
SPAG.
•
Memory is the storage and retrieval of
information
• Information is held in the short term memory
• Information can be moved to the long term
memory/stored by repetition/ reinforcement.
• Recalling information is called retrieval.
• Lack of repetition means that some information
can be forgotten.
• This represents an exit route within the
model.
Allow diagram as part of answer if points are .
Learning techniques may include:
•
Repetition, stimuli e.g. colour, light, smell,
sound, singing, visualisation, writing,
reading, chunking.
Route
Memory
QWC Additional Travel Card
Command word:
Suggest – apply
scientific knowledge to
a new situation.
Explain – give reasons
or mechanisms to address
how/why something
happens.
Connectives:
Whereas, alternatively,
unlike, equally,
consequently, unless,
if, as long as, however,
such as, for instance,
this means, . . .
Question
Rachel has an injury to her spinal
cord just above her waist. She
cannot walk because she cannot
make her legs move. A doctor tests
Rachel’s knee jerk reflex and
finds that it still works, even
though she cannot walk.
Value
6 marks
Use information about the pathways
followed by nerve impulses to
suggest an explanation for these
observations.
Route
Reflex arcs
QWC Additional Travel Card
Mark
band
1-2
3-4
5-6
Success criteria
Science Points
Response includes at least one
stage in the reflex arc and one
correct reference to damage
impact. There may be limited use
of specialist terms. SPAG poor.
Response must include some
stages in the reflex arc and one
correct reference to damage
impact. SPAG generally good.
Response must include most
stages in the reflex arc and
references different aspects of
damage impact. Excellent SPAG.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
stimulus detected by receptor
impulse created (at receptor)
impulse travels from receptor to sensory neuron
order of sensory, relay and motor neurons
correct reference to synapses
travels along relay neuron (in spinal cord)
travels along motor neuron/nerve
ends with effector/muscle
named example of effector action e.g. muscle
contraction/leg straightens.
• brain not involved
Impact of damage:
• Reflex arc not affected by damage
• Damage above point where reflex arc takes place
• Impulse transmission to/from brain blocked
• Ascending/sensory pathways and or
descending/motor pathways in spinal cord
cut/damaged/severed
Route
Reflex arcs
QWC Additional Travel Card
Question
Command word:
Describe – set out facts
or characteristics.
What/when/ where.
Explain – give reasons or
mechanisms to address
how/why something happens.
Connectives:
Value
6 marks
Describe the structure of the
neurone and explain how it
transmits electrical
impulses.
Whereas, alternatively,
unlike, equally,
consequently, unless, if,
as long as, however, such
as, for instance, this
means, . . .
Route
Neurones
QWC Additional Travel Card
Science Points
Mark
band
1-2
3-4
5-6
Success criteria
Describes a number of features but
does not fully explain how each
feature links to the neurones
function. SPAG poor.
•
Correct description of features
and explanation but does not
provide details of key
adaptations. Good use of some
specialist terms. SPAG generally
good.
•
A clear and concise answer that
clearly links the structure of the
neurone to its function. Excellent
SPAG.
•
•
Long axon (cytoplasm extension) to send
electrical impulses from central nervous
system to motor neurone.
Myelin / Fatty sheath insulates the axon,
speeding-up transmission of electrical
impulses.
Neurone endings which transmit impulses across
synapses to other neurons
Thin projections called dendrites extend from
the cell body and connect with other neurones,
allowing electrical impulses to pass from one
to the other
Other organelles;
• Nucleus- contains genes/genetic material that
code for specific proteins
• Mitochondria- aerobic respiration
• Cytoplasm-protein synthesis
Route
Neurones
QWC Additional Travel Card
Question
Command word:
Suggest – apply
scientific knowledge
to a new situation.
Connectives:
Whereas,
alternatively, unlike,
equally, consequently,
unless, if, as long
as, however, such as,
for instance, this
means, . . .
Pujitha is reading about an antidepressant drug called paroxetine.
He reads that paroxetine increases
the transmission of nerve impulses
in the brain by increasing the
concentration of serotonin.
Value
6 marks
Suggest how paroxetine could cause
this change in serotonin
concentration and the increase in
transmission of nerve impulses in
the brain.
Route
QWC Additional Travel Card
Mark
band
1-2
3-4
5-6
Success criteria
Answer may compare the action of
paroxetine to the action of
Ecstasy/MDMA but does not provide
many details of how it works.
Poor SPAG.
Answer contains correct mode of
action but does not provide all
of the details/incorrect
sequence. Good use of some
specialist terms. SPAG generally
good.
Science Points
•
•
•
•
•
•
A clear and concise answer with a
full explanation that links
paroxetine to serotonin synapses.
Excellent SPAG.
•
paroxetine could work in the same way as
Ecstasy/MDMA
at synapses (in the brain)
that use serotonin as a transmitter substance
by blocking sites where serotonin is removed
from the synapse
when a nerve impulse is transmitted across the
synapse, serotonin is released from the first
neuron and binds to receptors on the membrane of
the second/next/relay neuron, this causes nerve
impulses in the second neuron
serotonin is not removed from the synapse, which
leads to an increased concentration of serotonin
in the synapse
more serotonin molecules are able to bind to
receptors on the second neuron and this causes
more nerve impulses in the second neuron
Route
QWC Additional Travel Card
Question
Command word:
Describe – set out
facts or
characteristics.
What/when/ where.
Value
6 marks
Using the example of
Pavlov’s dogs, describe the
process of conditioning.
Connectives:
Whereas,
alternatively, unlike,
equally, consequently,
unless, if, as long
as, however, such as,
for instance, this
means, . . .
Route
Reflexes
QWC Additional Travel Card
Mark
band
1-2
3-4
5-6
Success criteria
Science Points
Limited use of specialist terms.
Answer may simply refer to the
idea that the bell is eventually
associated with food which leads
to salivation. Poor SPAG.
A detailed description of
conditioning. Good use of some of
the underlined terms. SPAG
generally good.
A full description of
conditioning. Most of the key
words underlined are included and
used accurately. Excellent SPAG.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Food is the primary stimulus
At first the bell is not associated
with the food. It is an
unconditioned stimulus.
Every time dog sees the food the
bell is rung.
Bell and food is an example of
classical conditioning.
Bell is secondary stimulus
After this is repeated the dog
eventually associates the bell with
receiving food
Salivation with the bell is
conditioned response/reflex.
Route
Reflexes