CHAPTER 15
Years of Crisis, 1919-1939
CHAPTER 15 OBJECTIVES
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CHAPTER 15 OBJECTIVE
– SWBT analyze the economic,
political, social, and scientific
changes that brought the world to
the brink of a second world war
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Monday, 2/11/13
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SWBT Identify and List contributions to
various fields after WWI
SWBT Identify key terms and explain
their significance World Wide
SWBT analyze the worldwide effects of
the Great Depression
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Tuesday, 2/12/13
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SWBT analyze the worldwide effects of
the Great Depression
SWBT Identify and explain Fascism and
the reasons for the rise of Fascist
Mussolini
SWBT compare and contrast Fascism vs.
Communism
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Wednesday, 2/13/13
– SWBT examine and understand Fascism
and the reasons for the rise of Fascist
Mussolini
Thursday, 2/14/13
– SWBT create extended response explaining
Mussolini’s rise to Fascism
– SWBT assess their knowledge on Fascism
and the rise of Mussolini
Tuesday, 2/19/13
– SWBT construct notes in order to
understand the rise of Hitler and Nazism
– SWBT analyze and evaluate the impact that
Adolf Hitler had on Germany
Wednesday, 2/20/13
– SWBT examine and analyze Primary
Sources (Hitler’s Mein Kampf)
– SWBT understand Mein Kampf by
collaborating their ideas with peers
Thursday, 2/21/13
– SWBT examine and understand the
ideologies of Nazism
– SWBT Understand how and why aggressors
invade other nations before WWII
EXPANSION IN EUROPE, 1931-1939
AGGRESSORS
AGGRESSION IN ASIA, 1931-1937
JAPAN
AGGRESSION IN AFRICA, 1935
WHAT COUNTRIES WERE VULNERABLE TO
ATTACK BY GERMANY??
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Poland
Czechoslovakia
Austria
Denmark
Netherlands
Belgium
Luxembourg
Switzerland
France
SO WHY POLAND? WHAT DOES GERMANY
GAIN BY INVADING POLAND?
• What do you notice
about East Prussia?
– Part of Germany
– Separated to Germany
by Poland
• Germany would also
acquire Poland's land
and resources
SECTION 1 AND 2
• With a partner, complete the following graph on
the back of your notes:
Field
Contributor
#1
Contribution
Contributor
#2
Contribution
Theories of
Theory of
Sigmund
Human Mind
Relativity
Freud
& Behavior
The Trial,
Literature and Franz Kafka, T.S.
Friedrich
Urged Return
The Castle,Loss of
Philosophy
Nietzsche Of Heroism
Eliot, W.B. Yeats Spiritual values
Expressionism,
Art and Music Arnold
Newer and less Paul Klee,
Surrealism,
Schoenberg Traditional Music Pablo Picasso
Cubism
International
Charles
Auto
Technology
Electric Start,
Air-travel,33hrs Industries
Lindbergh
Air-Filled Tires
Science
Albert
Einstein
THE GREAT DEPRESSION WORLDWIDE
A WORLDWIDE DEPRESSION
• Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Coalition Government
Weimar Republic
Great Depression
Franklin D. Roosevelt
New Deal
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
When no single party won a majority, this
temporary alliance of several parties was
needed to form a parliamentary majority.
These coalitions usually never lasted long
because of policy disagreements
A long business slump due to stock market
crashing, unemployment, and industrial
production, prices and wages declined
Large public works project implemented by
President Roosevelt that helped to provide
jobs for the unemployed
Germanys new democratic government set
up in 1919. This new government had
serious weaknesses from the start that led
to its demise
United States President elected in 1932 to
help get the country out of the depression
THE EFFECTS OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION
WORLDWIDE
Great
Depression
FASCISM REARS ITS HEAD IN EUROPE
Rising Inflation + Unemployment +
Failure to win Territorial gains at Paris Peace
Conference
+ Helpless democratic government
SOCIAL UNREST!
Fascism - A new, militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state
and obedience to its leader.
Benito Mussolini -
A newspaper editor ad politician that boldly promised to
Rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its
Armed forces.
Led 30,000 Fascists to march on Rome. Threatened widespread violence
if the King did not put Mussolini in charge of the government
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igXA4lAAykI&list=PLDB30E8C3A7675D36
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Vf_gUvPVUU
MUSSOLINI AND FASCISM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The classroom needs to be divided into 3 groups.
Each group is designated a section of the reading and the
questions.
The group NEEDS to designate or vote on a group reporter that
will share the answers with the rest of the class when asked to
EVERYONE reads the first main paragraph that is marked
Read your assigned section quietly to yourself, and then discuss
and answer your questions as a group (See note below)
Once we come together as a class, we will then discuss and share
our answers (EVERYONE is accountable for knowing ALL answers;
so YOU MUST pay attention)
***USE YOUR CORNELL NOTE PAGES TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS!
THE RISE OF HITLER AND NAZISM
Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party
Nazi for short
Nazism
Tiny right-winged political group sharing
beliefs that Germany had to overturn the
Treaty of Versailles and combat Communism
The fascist policies of the NSGWP, based on totalitarianism, a belief in
Racial superiority, and state control of industry
THE RISE OF HITLER AND NAZISM
Adolf Hitler
- Volunteered to fight for Germany in WWI;
Awarded the Iron Cross twice for bravery
- Inspired by Mussolini’s March on Rome; plotted to
Seize power in Munich with Nazis; failed and sentenced
To prison for treason
- Called Germans, “Aryans” and he declared that nonAryan races such as Jews, Slavs, and Gypsies were inferior
- Enraged by the Treaty of Versailles and vowed to regain
German Lands
- Believed that Germany was becoming over crowded and
Needed more Lebensraum; or Living Space
 This will give way towards the oppression of other
“non-aryan” races
THE RISE OF HITLER AND NAZISM
- Most ignored Hitler’s message until the effects of WHAT
Started to set in, in Germany????
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
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Hitler #1
Hitler #2
Looking for a strong leader to turn too, Social Unrest in
Germany Led to Hitler being named Chancellor of Germany
after the Nazi Party becomes the LARGEST political party in
Germany in 1932
“ By naming Hitler as Chancellor, you have delivered up our
Holy Fatherland to one of the greatest rabble-rousers of all
Time. I solemnly predict that this accursed man will plunge
Our Reich into the abyss and bring our nation into inconceivable
Misery
~ General Erich Ludendorff to President Hindenburg, 1933
HITLER VS. MUSSOLINI
• Do you think that Hitler and Mussolini are more
alike? Or Different?
HITLER
RISE
GOALS
Depression; leading to social
Unrest; leading to people
Striving for strong leader
Revive the economy, Regain
Territory lost, Revive
Nationalism and Pride in
Germany
MUSSOLINI
Depression; leading to social
Unrest; leading to people
Striving for strong leader
Revive the economy, Regain
Territory lost, Revive
Nationalism and Pride in
Italy
ADOLF HITLER, MEIN KAMPF (MY STRUGGLE)
1) Branch off into assigned teams
Team 1 – Read “War Propaganda”
Team 2 – Read “Causes of the Collapse”
Team 3 – Read “Nation and Race”
Team 4 – Read “Eastern Orientation or Policy”
2) After QUIETLY reading your section, largely write down (with
your team) 3-4 key points that summarizes that section on the
paper provided.
**WE WILL BE POSTING THESE ON THE WALL TO SHARE WITH
CLASS!!! DON’T BE AFRAID TO ASK QUESTIONS!!!
NAZI IDEOLOGY
The Gestapo – The Nazi Secret Police; used to force Germans into obedience
-
Wanting to control every aspect of German life
Churches were forbidden to criticize the Nazi government
Turned the press, radio, literature, painting, and film into propaganda tools
Continuous struggle brought victory to the strong
- Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews, blaming them for struggles
TO REVIVE THE ECONOMY, HITLER and THE NAZIS…
- Banned Strikes
- Gave government authority over business and labor
- Dissolved independent labor unions
- Putting millions to work: constructing factories, highways, manufacturing weapons
- Number of unemployed dropped from 6 million to 1.5 million in 1936
AGGRESSORS INVADE NATIONS
- Just like elsewhere, the depression had struck in Japan causing
Military leaders to take control of the country
- Japanese militarists were extreme nationalists
- Japan challenges the League of Nations and attacked
Manchuria and then China 4 years later (1931-1937) See map
- Mussolini and Italy invade Ethiopia in 1935; See Map
- League of Nations did nothing
- Great Britain allowed Italy to move troops and supplies through
The Britain-controlled Suez Canal
- League of Nations forbad Germany to enter the Rhineland (The
Zone between Germany and France that acted as a buffer)
- Hitler defied the Treaty of Versailles and entered anyway in 1936
- Neither France or Britain were willing to enter another war, so Britain
Urged APPEASEMENT; the giving in to an aggressor to keep peace
- This showed Hitler how much Power and Prestige he had gained while
Aligning himself with other AXIS POWERS; Italy, Japan, and Germany
- To demonstrate the effects of the depression on society, Spain was
Also facing Social Unrest; leading to the rise of Fascism in
Francisco Franco – Hitler and Mussolini aided this revolution