Beginnings until 1821

Chapter 3, Section 1

Vocabulary
.
1.Archaeologist
2.Artifact
3.Culture
4.Anthropologist
5.Nomad

Texans and Their Environment (Survival)
Native Americans Gulf Peoples Europeans

Texans and Their Environment (Survival)
Native Americans
Hunted
Gathered Berries and Roots
Farmed
Gulf Peoples
Hunted
Foraged
Europeans
Hunted
Farmed
Learned to prepare new foods
Adopted Native
American words

Sequencing
• Place these events into a chronological order
1.Europeans arrive in Texas
2.People obtain food by hunting
3.People migrate from Asia to presentday Alaska
4.People grow food

Correct Sequence
• Place these events into a chronological order
1.People migrate from Asia to presentday Alaska
2.People obtain food by hunting
3.People grow food
4.Europeans arrive in Texas

Reflection Questions 3.1
1. What are some items archaeologists study to learn how people once lived?
2. Define culture.
3. How did early people first reach the American continent from Asia?
4. How do scientists learn how ancient people viewed themselves (think self-expression)?
5. How did farming change the way native people in Texas lived?

Chapter 3, Section 2

Vocabulary

Caddos
Southeastern and Gulf Cultures
Food Settlements
Coahuiltecans
Karankawas
Wichitas

Caddos
Southeastern and Gulf cultures
Food Settlements
Coahuiltecans
Karankawas
Wichitas
Crops, berries, fish, game Villages of mud and straw houses
Fish, game, cactus plants, mesquite, agave, worms, and lizards campsites camps Nits, berries, game, fish, porpoises, turtles, clams, and oysters
Crops and game Caddo like settlements

Where are they now?
Native American
Group
In Texas Out of Texas
Caddos
Wichitas
Alabamas
Karankawas

Where are they now?
Native American
Group
In Texas Out of Texas
Caddos
Wichitas
X
X
Alabamas X
Karankawas X

Reflection Questions 3.2
1. Briefly describe the Caddo system of government.
(overall)
2. What tasks did Caddo Government leaders take charge of? (specific function)
3. What was the role of the shaman in Native American culture?
4. Why did the Wichitas and Caddos exist peacefully with the French?
5. How were the Caddos involved in trade with other groups of the time?

Discussion Question 3.2
• What do you think is the main reason only the Alabamas Tribe remain in Texas today?

Chapter 3, Section 3

Vocabulary

Pueblo and Plains Cultures
Native
American
Tribes
Plains
Pueblo

Jumanos
Pueblo and Plains Cultures
Native
American
Tribes
Plains
Pueblo
Jumanos
Tonkawas
Apache
Tiguas
Comanche
Kiowas

Important facts about Native Tribes
Group/Tribe
Jumanos
Tiguas
Tonkawas
Apaches
Comanches
Kiowas
Important Fact

Important facts about Native Tribes
Group/Tribe
Jumanos Acted as middlemen
Important Fact
Tiguas Culture was matrilineal
Tonkawas Lost many of their tribe members to conflict and wars
Apaches Speak in a language similar to Native Americans of Canada and Alaska
Comanches Occupied vast territories of land
Kiowas Developed the use of tepees

Reflection Questions 3.3
1. How were the Pueblo Jumano homes unique?
2. How does language study help determine a group’s origins?
3. What are two ways the Plains people used the horse?
4. Comanche life centered on what two activities?
5. How did the Kiowas “record” their history?
6. What were some reasons Native American tribes fought other Native Americans and European settlers?

Chapter review
• Complete chapter review on the paper

Chapter 4, Section 1

Answer these questions in your notebook
• What is mercantilism?
• What is another name for a Spanish soldier?
• What was the main goals of the Spanish exploration?
• What was a friar and how did they help the Spanish exploration efforts?
• How did the goals of the Spanish explorers in Mexico and texas differ?
• Why was cortes so interested in conquering the Aztecs?

Explorer sequencing
• Use a Flow map to create a time line for the following explorers to texas
• Include the year of their exploration in the box with the explorers name
• Cortes
• Columbus
• Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico
• Cabeza de vaca and Narvaez
• Alvarez de pineda

Areas of exploration
Explorer
Columbus
Cortes
Alvarez de Pineda
Cabeza de Vaca
Area of Exploration

The Spanish explore texas chapter 4, section 2
• In your notebook:
GOAL(S) EXPLORER
Fray Marcos
Estevanico
Coronado
Moscoso
Native Americans They
Encountered

Answer these questions after you read
• What is a viceroy and why was he such a powerful figure?
• Why did Spanish explorers search for Cibola and quivira and what did they find?
• what motivated the Spanish explorers to leave home for these daring expeditions to the Americas?

Complete in your notebook
Explorers
Cabeza de Vaca
Coronado
Moscoso
Discoveries Problems Encountered/Setbacks

Lasalle awakens Spanish interest
• In your notebook:
European Exploring Nation
England (Great Britain)
France
Spain
Location of Colonies in North America

MAP Exercise
• Look at the map on page 113
• Find the location of La Salle’s camp at Fort St. Louis which was established in the summer of 1865
• Examine the route taken by La Salle and his men from Fort St. Louis in
January, 1687
• Determine the amount of time (in months) it took the remaining men from La Salle’s expedition to reach the Mississippi river (La salle was murdered enroute)

Determine a time line
• Place these events in chronological order using a modified flow map
• La Salle’s ship sails too far west and south
• La salle is murdered
• La salle searches for other settlements
• Fort st. Louis is built
• La salle intends to establish a Mississippi riveR colony

Fact review
• What is a sandbar?
• What is a stockade?
• When the French colonists established fort St. Louis in 1865, they expected to make it a permanent settlement. Why did fort St. Louis fail?

Chapter 5

First Spanish missions in texas
• In your notebook:
Mission Location
Near El Paso
East Texas
Date (year)

First Spanish missions in texas
• In your notebook:
Location
Near El Paso
East Texas
Mission
Corpus Christi de la Yslenta 1682
San Fransisco de los Tejas 1690
Date (year)

Key persons in the missions of texas
• In your notebook:
Role in Early Texas Missions de Leon
Angelina
Massanet
Hildago
St. Denis
Ramon
Person

Key person in the Missions of Texas
• In your notebook: de Leon
Angelina
Massanet
Hidalgo
St. Denis
Ramon
Person Role in Early Texas Missions
Established a relationship with Tejas
Guide and interpreter
Established first mission
Asked French to set up missions
Built a trading post
Commander of the Presidio

Discussion Question 5.1
• MLA Format
• At least 75 words
• How did the French and Spanish differ in their relations with the
Native Americans of Texas?

Chapter 5, Section 3

Building communities
• Identify an ayuntamiento and an alcalde and relate them to terms we currently use
• What is the difference between a Tejano and a mestizos?
• Why were there more males than females making up the population of the Spanish settlements?
• What was life like for Native Americans in the missions?

6.
7.
4.
5.
8.
1.
2.
3.
Occupations in Spanish Texas
Spanish Women
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
African Americans

Occupations in Spanish Texas
1. Soldiers
2. Farmers
3. Ranchers
4. Merchants
5. Tailors
6. Shoemakers
7. Barbers
8. Blacksmiths
Spanish Women
1. Midwives
2. Ranchers
3. Seamstresses
4. Storekeepers
5. Farm Managers
African Americans
1. Miners
2. Domestics
3. Farmers
4. Ranchers
5. Merchants
6. Carpenters

Make comparisons
Missions
What was the purpose?
To convert the Native
Americans
Who lived there?
What were the daily activities?
What were the main problems?
Presidios
Spanish Soldiers
Settlements
Ranching, farming, community events
No schools, diseases

Make comparisons
What were the daily activities?
What were the main problems?
Missions
What was the purpose?
To convert the Native
Americans
Who lived there?
Persidios
Protect missions and settlements
Friars, Native Americans Spanish Soldiers
Farming, crafts, education Protecting the missions and settlements
Harsh discipline, far from the other settlements;
Native American resentment, they did not want to stay there
Controlling the Native
Americans, scouting, danger, low pay, lack of supplies
Settlements
Create towns in Spanish
Texas
Spaniards, African
Americans, Native
Americans
Ranching, farming, community events
No schools, diseases

Chapter 6

Vocabulary
• Define these words:
• Alliance
• Filibuster

Cause and effect
Cause
Spain entered the Revolutionary War
Treaty of Paris
Purchase of the Louisiana Territory
Effect

Cause and effect
Cause
Spain entered the Revolutionary War
Treaty of Paris
Purchase of the Louisiana Territory
Effect
Kept New Orleans out of British hands
Britain gained Canada and all French land east of the
Mississippi River, except New Orleans
Anglos pushed across the Mississippi River toward
Spanish held Texas

Time Line
Put these events into chronological order
• A. Baron de Ripperda closes three missions.
• B. Fifteen forts are built from Mexico to the Gulf of California.
• C. Nacogdoches is founded.
• D. Bucareli is founded.

Time Line
Put these events into chronological order
Fifteen forts are built from Mexico to the Gulf of
California.
Baron de
Ripperda closes three missions.
Bucareli is founded.
Nacogdoches is founded.

Chapter 6, Section 2

• In your notebook:
People
Classify Information
Significant Action (What did they do that was important?)
Bernardo Guitierrez and Augustus Magee
Michel Aury and Jean Laffite
James Long

• In your notebook:
People
Classify Information
Bernardo Guitierrez and Augustus Magee
Michel Aury and Jean Laffite
James Long
Significant Action (What did they do that was important?)
They led the Republican Army and claimed independence for Texas.
They captured Spanish vessels (ships) and occupied
Galveston Island.
He declared Texas to be free, but he was imprisoned and killed.

Reflection Questions
• Why were Mexicans unhappy with Spain and why did they seek to be independent from Spanish rule?
• What was the difference between the government wanted by the
Americans when compared to the type of government desired by the
Mexicans?
• Why could you call Jean Laffite a “pirate?”

• In your notebook:
Event
Hidalgo calls for independence
Event Outcomes
Outcome
Americans and Mexicans quarrel (fight/argue) over the form of the new government
James Long invades Texas

• In your notebook:
Event
Hidalgo calls for independence
Event Outcomes
Outcome
Hidalgo was captured and executed.
Americans and Mexicans quarrel (fight/argue) over the form of the new government
The Republican Army was defeated, and the settlers were forced to leave Texas.
James Long invades Texas He declared Texas to be independent and was elected president. He later was captured and killed in Mexico City.

Chapter 6, Section 3

Vocabulary
• Define and know (what it means, not just what the glossary says) these words:
• Vaquero
• Lariat

Reflection Questions
• What are the three settlements located in the interior of Texas in
1821?
• Why will a lack of settlements make it harder for Mexico to lay claim to Texas?
• How did Antonio Martinez describe Texas (especially San Antonio) when he was governor?
• Do you think Mexico has a valid claim to Texas? Why or Why Not?