Movement- Push and
pull factors
S
Movement
S Provides example of where history and geography are
connected
S Both historians and geographers study how and why people
have moved within the United States as well as to the
United states from other places.
S Push and Pull factors
Exploration and Settlement
1800-1820
1835-1850
Migration Chart
S Westward Movement:
S Who: Settlers and Pioneers
S Where: From States in the Eastern part of the U.s
*To states in the west such as Michigan, and later on Oregon and
Nebraska
S When: From the early 1800s to around 1900
S Why: Push factor: lack of opportunity
Pull Factor: Farm Land Adventure
Underground Railroad
S Was a secret organization of routes, safe housed, and
people.
S Purpose was to guide escaped slaves from the South to
freedom in the North.
S Was neither a railroad nor underground
S Operated mainly between 1830 and 1861
S Michigan important part of the Underground Railroad
Michigan People important in
the Underground Railroad
S Laura Smith Haviland
S Led escaped slaves to Canada
S Southern slave owners offered a $3,000
reward for her capture
S She and her family also opened one of the first schools in Michigan for black
people
S George De Baptiste
S Black businessman bought a ship to take escaped
slaves across the Detroit River to Canada
S Member of the Second Baptist Church; important station on the
Underground Railroad
Continued
S Sojourner Truth
S Was born a slave in New York in 1797, freed in 1828
S Became an abolitionist, person who believed slavery
should be made illegal
S Supporter of voting rights for women
S Excellent speaker and traveled the U.S speaking out against slavery and the
rights of all people
S Nathan Thomas
S Doctor in Kalamazoo County
S Started helping slaves in 1843
S Over 1000 slaves passed through his home
Migration chart
S Underground Railroad
S Who: Enslaved people in southern slave states
S Where: From slave states in the South
S To states in North and to Canada
S When: From the 1840s to around 1860
S Why: Push Factor- Slavery
Pull Factor- Freedom
Orphan Trains
S Occurred between 1850s to 1920s
S Estimated 100,000 homeless children sent by train from
NYC to smaller towns and farms in the Midwest
S First orphan train riders, group of 14 boys, arrived in 1854
in Michigan
S By 1927, about 12,500 orphans had been placed in MI
S 39% were girls. Most were never adopted
Migration Chart
S Orphan Trains
S Who- Homeless orphans in NYC
S Where- From NYC to small towns and farms in the
Midwest
S When- Mid-1850s to the late 1920s
S Why- Push factor- No family or home
Pull Factor- The chance for a home and family
The Great Migration
S Millions of African Americans moved from the south to the
North during early 1900s
S Reason for movement of people; escaping racism of the
south and find a better life in the cities of the North.
S Many settled in Detroit
S Racism in the South-Push or Pull factor?
S Racism was a Push factor, while factory jobs were a pull
factor
Migration Chart
S The “Great Migration”
S Who- African Americans in the South
S Where- From south to cities in the North like Detroit
S When- 1900 to around 1940
S Why- Push Factor- Racism and lack of opportunity
Pull Factor- Jobs and the hope of a better life
Forced to Move??
S Around 1830, it became the official policy of the US government to
remove Native Americans from their lands to reservations west of the
Mississippi River.
S They did not want to move, but were forced
S “The Removal of the Michigan Potawatomi”
S Who was migrating, or moving, in the book?
S From where had they been living?
S To where were they moving?
S When were they moving?
S Why were they moving?
S What push factors were described?
S What pull factors were described
Migration Chart
S Native American Removal
S Who-Native Americans such as the Potawatomi
S Where- From states like Michigan to states like
Kansas and Oklahoma
S When- 1830
S Why-Push Factor- pushed out and relocated
S Pull Factor- US government provided lands for Native
Americans