Chapter 7- Balancing
Nationalism and Sectionalism
1812-1838
The Industrial Revolution
 Let’s look at the preview questions:
1. How do you think new inventions of the Industrial
Revolution might further divide North and South?
2. Predict what types of things might have been done
to lessen tensions.
3. Are there still tensions between different regions?
What are they?
The North
The North: becomes more industrialized
The Lowell Factory – Lowell, MA
 exemplified the changes brought on by the Indust.
Revolution
 Booming manufacturing center, textiles
 Opportunities for women
The North
 Farmers in the North had little motivation to use
slaves.
 crops did not require as much labor to grow, had
smaller farms
 many began to speak out against slavery
 Most northern states abolish slavery by 1804
The South
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The Cotton Gin: patented by Eli Whitney in 1793
Turned much of the South into a “Cotton Kingdom”
Effect on slavery?
Increases from 700,000 to 1,200,000 from 1790-1810
The American System
 James Madison tries to unite the country
 Proposes a plan to tie all regions together through
transportation, tariffs, and a national bank
 Henry Clay calls it the American System
The National Road and Erie Canal
 Early forms of railroad to connect the regions of the
country
 National Road built in 1811. Eventually extends from
Maryland to Illinois.
 Erie Canal (completed in 1825) connects the Atlantic
Ocean to the Great Lakes
The “Era of Good Feelings”
 Tariff of 1816
 American products more expensive than foreign
goods
 Protective tariff placed on foreign goods
 Northern Reaction: +
 Southern Reaction: -
 Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun helped gain support
for the tariff
The “Era of Good Feelings”
 National Bank: Second Bank of United States (BUS)
 create a nationally accepted currency
 Reception less divided
 Would make trade easier in different regions
 James Monroe elected in 1816- the “Era of Good
Feelings”
Section 2- Nationalism at Center
Stage
Robert Fulton’s steamboat-1807
 150 miles up the Hudson in 32 hours
 Method of transportation spread quickly to different
regions
 Helped unite economic life of the North and South
The Supreme Court Boosts National
Power
 Marshall Court
 John Marshall, a Federalist, was appointed
by John Adams in 1801 and served as Chief
Justice for 34 years.
 He transformed nationalistic ideas into
court decisions, which increased federal
power and aided economic development.
 Marshall elevated the prestige of the
Supreme Court and strengthened its power
Supreme Court Boosts National
Power
Gibbons v. Ogden 1824-Supreme Court Case
 Aaron Ogden- worked for Fulton’s steamboat service
 Claimed only he could run a steamboat service on the
Hudson
 Thomas Gibbons began running a steamboat serviceOgden sues and takes him to court
 Court rules with Gibbons-interstate commerce could
only be regulated by fed. Government
 Long term- government can regulate ANYTHING that
crosses state lines.
Supreme Court Boosts National
Power
McCulloch v Maryland 1819-Supreme Court Case
 Maryland had levied a high tax on the local branch of the
National Bank of the U.S.- hoped to make it fail
 Court ruled against Maryland and claimed
the National Bank to be constitutional.
 One of many cases that strengthened the
federal government.
Chief Justice John Marshall
(in office 1801-1835)
Nationalism helps shape foreign
policy
Nationalism
 National interests should be placed ahead of regional
concerns and foreign interests.
 Strongly supported by President James Monroe and
Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams
Nationalism vs. Patriotism
“Nationalism is the habit of assuming that human beings can
be classified like insects and that whole blocks of millions or
tens of millions of people can be confidently labeled 'good'
or 'bad‘”
-George Orwell
He goes on to make the differentiation between
“nationalism” and “patriotism.” Patriotism, Orwell states, is
harmless. It is a love of native culture, and the patriot has no
need to impose that culture on others. But history is indeed
littered with examples of triumphal nationalism, the notion
of the nation as a claim to superiority.
Nationalism
Nationalism- Good or Bad?
Somewhere in between?
Talk to your partner about this.
Territory and Boundaries
 John Quincy Adams- Sec. of State Accomplishments
 Rush-Bagot Treaty, 1817- U.S. and Canada demilitarize
their common border.
 Convention of 1818- compromised with Britain to
jointly rule Oregon territory, moved U.S. border at the
49th parallel up to the Rocky Mountains
 Adams-Onis Treaty 1819- Spain, too weak to manage
colonies, cedes Florida to the U.S. and gave up
claims to Oregon Territory
Territory and Boundaries
The Monroe Doctrine 1823
 Developments in Europe lead to interests in Latin
American colonies by European nations.
The Monroe Doctrine 1823
 Message to Congress by President Monroe
 Warns European nations not to interfere with affairs
in the Western Hemisphere
 U.S. would consider such action “dangerous to our
peace and safety.”
 The U.S. would not interfere in European
affairs or existing colonies.
GO WEST!
Westward Expansion 1817-1830s
 Americans headed to the Northwest Territory (Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois, Michigan)
 Most went for economic gains
The Missouri Compromise
 The Missouri Compromise-1820
 When population of a territory reached 60,000 its
people could petition for statehood
 In 1819, there were 11 free states and 11 slave states
 Missouri petitions for statehood in 1819- slave or free?
 Hostilities between North and South over Missouri
 Henry Clay proposes the Missouri Compromise:
1. Maine- admitted as a free state; Missouri- slave state
2. 36 30’ line established for Louisiana Territory-slavery
legal south of the line ; illegal north of the line except
Missouri
The Missouri Compromise
Discuss with your partner how the Missouri Compromise was a
victory for both the North and South. Predict how the
compromise could lead to future problems.