Unit 5: Nationalism,
Sectionalism, and Economic
Growth
SOL VA. US. 6a-d
Nationalism: Love for one’s country
Sectionalism: Love for one’s region or
section of a country
Following the War of 1812, Americans
had a sense of national pride
Era of Good Feelings
James Monroe:
5th President
Political & Economic Nationalism Develops
Political Nationalism
Marshall Court
Goal:
Strengthen National Government
Marshall Court Decisions
McCulloch v. Maryland: Can States tax
National Programs? 1) States cannot tax the
national government
National Government
over State Governments
2) National Bank was legal
Reinforced the doctrine
of implied powers
National Bank
Gibbons v. Ogden
Q: Who has the power
to regulate navigation?
NY State gives steamboat
ferry monopoly to Ogden
A: National government
controls interstate
commerce (trade)
Political: Foreign Policy
Nationalist Goals:
Expand &
secure borders
Establish presence
in world affairs
Adams – Onis Treaty
Spain agreed to
give up Florida to
the United States
Monroe Doctrine
America warns Europe to stay out
of the Western Hemisphere
Economic Nationalism: Henry Clay: “American
System”
Goal: To strengthen the
American economy
How?
National
Bank
Protective
Tariffs
Improved
Transportation
Provide low interest
loans to expand
business & industry
Re-chartered in 1816:
By Republicans
National Bank
Protective Tariff
Allows
American
businesses to
grow
Tax on
imports
Improved Transportation:
Allows people and goods to move throughout
the country faster
Canals
Roads
Internal Improvements Bill vetoed by James
Madison & James Monroe
Economic Nationalism leads to
Sectional Specialization
The United States was growing:
The Louisiana Purchase in 1803
doubled the size of the United States
Each section develops own unique
economy
Industrialization
Northeast
Factory System
expands:
Samuel Slater: “Father of the Factory System”
Machine: “Spinning Jenny”
Factors that lead to industrialization:
- Rivers and streams
- Large labor supply
- Capital resources
- Poor agricultural
conditions
Lowell System
All in one
production facility
“Factory Girls”
New England becomes the center of
textile production
Plantation Agriculture
South
The Cotton Gin
Increased
– Productivity
– # of Plantations
– Cash-Crop
Economy
– “King Cotton”
Diversified Farming
West
Fertile farmland in Ohio and Mississippi River
Valleys
- Attracts people from the east and Europe
Small farms give way to specialized farms
Wheat:
- Northern Plains
Corn and Livestock:
-Ohio River Valley
Tobacco:
- Kentucky
Northeastern Needs:
Southern Cotton
Western food
Southern Needs:
Northern
Manufactured Goods
Western Food
Western Needs:
Northern Manufactured Goods
Demands of the National Economy
promotes the “Transportation Revolution”
Roads
Canals
Steamboats
Trains
Turnpikes (Toll Roads):
- Built by private companies from 1800 -1825
- Cumberland Road: Allowed wagon traffic
from the seaboard to the Ohio River Valley
Erie Canal
“Clinton’s Big Ditch”
Opened in 1825
- Linked New York City with New Orleans
Steamboats: Faster river travel
Most important change
of the Transportation
Revolution
Fast, Reliable, and
cheaper than canals
Trains:
The Transportation Revolution led to the
development of the National Economy
North
West
South
Inventions
Eli Whitney:
Cotton Gin: removed seeds from cotton fiber
Provides the mills with large quantities
of cotton to turn into cloth
Interchangeable Parts:
Mass production of
machine equipment
John Deere & the Steel Plow
Cyrus McCormick
& the Mechanical Reaper
Samuel F. B. Morse
1840 – Telegraph
Elias Howe & Isaac Singer
1840s
Sewing Machine
Robert Fulton
& the Steamboat
The Clermont
American Population Centers in 1820
American Population Centers in 1860
Transportation Revolution led to the spreading
of American Population
POTENTIAL
EXPANSION
PROBLEM
SLAVERY
Missouri Compromise
(1820)
Missouri applies for
statehood in 1819
Senate: 11 free states
& 11 slave states
The Compromise
Missouri enters Union
as a slave state
Maine enters Union
as a free state
A line is drawn at
36/30
Above it = Free
Below it = Slave
Compromise Created
by Henry Clay
Henry Clay
[KY]
Andrew Jackson
[TN}
John Quincy Adams
[MA]
William H. Crawford
[GA]
1824 Presidential Election
Results of the 1824 Election
A
“Corrupt
Bargain?”
1828 Election Results
Voting Requirements in the
Early 19c
Impact of
decreasing
property
ownership
requirements?
More “common
people” can
vote
Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860