Chapter 12: The World of
Islam
Section 1: The Roots of Islam
Section 2: Islamic Beliefs and Practices
Section 3: Islamic Empires
Section 4: Cultural Achievements
Pages 350-371
Bell Work
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Define the Following in Chapter 12:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Muhammad
Islam
Muslim
Qur’an
Mosque
Five Pillars of Islam
Shia
Sunni
Minaret
The Islamic World
Roots of Islam
Islamic Beliefs &
Practices
Islamic Empires
Cultural
Achievements
The Roots of Islam
The Big Idea
In the harsh desert climate of Arabia, Muhammad, a merchant from
Mecca, introduced a major world religion called Islam.
Main Ideas
• Arabia is mostly a desert land, where two ways of life, nomadic and
sedentary, developed.
• A new religion called Islam, founded by the prophet Muhammad,
spread throughout Arabia in the 600s.
Saudi Arabia is called “the Crossroads” because it lies near the
intersection of Africa, Europe, and Asia.
Roots of Islam
Characteristics of Saudi Arabia
• Desert with Oases
– Limited water
– Sand dunes (800ft & 100mi)
• Scorching Temperatures
– Hot dry air
– 100 degrees daily (summer)
• Sustaining life
– Nomads with herds
– Sedentary with farms
– Caravans and trade routes
Roots of Islam
Foundation of Islam
• Arabs
• Muhammad (story)
–
–
–
–
•
•
•
•
Caravan
25 and 40
Khadijah
Islam and Muslim (AD 613)
Mecca and Medina
Mosque
Kaaba (shrine)
Allah
Islamic Beliefs and Practices
The Big Idea
Sacred texts called the Qur’an and the Sunnah guide Muslims in their
religion, daily life, and laws.
Main Ideas
• The Qur’an guides Muslims’ lives.
• The Sunnah tells Muslims of important duties expected of them.
• Islamic law is based on the Qur’an and the Sunnah.
Islamic Beliefs and Practices
1. The Qur’an
behavior”
(messages and jihad) page 359 “guides for
2. The Sunnah
(duties way of life)
3. Shariah (law)
The Five Pillars of Islam
P. 360
1. Saying “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his
prophet”
2. Praying five times a day
3. Giving to the poor and needy
4. Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan
5. Traveling to Mecca at least once on a hajj
Women
Fewer Rights Than Men
Islamic Empires
The Big Idea
After the early spread of Islam, three large Islamic empires formed–
the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal.
Main Ideas
• Muslim armies conquered many lands into which Islam slowly
spread.
• Trade helped Islam spread into new areas.
• Three Muslim empires controlled much of Europe, Asia, and Africa
from the 1400s to the 1800s.
Islamic Empires
• Caliph
– Abu Baker
• Empires (Europe, Asia, and Africa)
– Ottoman Empire
• Suleyman I
• Byzantine Empire
– Safavid Empire
• Shia and Sunni Split
• Shah
– Mughal Empire India
• Taj Mahal
Cultural Achievements
The Big Idea
Muslim scholars and artists made important contributions to science,
art, and literature.
Main Ideas
• Muslim scholars made lasting contributions to the fields of science
and philosophy.
• In literature and the arts, Muslim achievements included beautiful
poetry, memorable short stories, and splendid architecture.
Cultural Achievements
• Astronomy, geography,
math, and science
• Writings translated into
Arabic
• Muslim Mathematician
Invented Algebra
• Improved maps
• Philosophy-Sufism
• Added to Greek and
Indian medicine
• School of Pharmacy
• Smallpox (detect and
treat)
• Medical Encyclopedia
• The Thousand and One
Nights (poetry)
• Minaret
• Architecture
– Calligraphy and Patterns
– no humans or animals in
religious art
Islamic Examples
•
•
•
•
Arabic Writing
Prayer Rug
Prayer Necklace
Headgear
The Islamic World
Roots of Islam
Islamic Beliefs &
Practices
Islamic Empires
Cultural
Achievements