Nature of Canada’s
Economy
CGC 1D/P1
How does the human environment affect and
change our natural environment?
 Primary Industry
 Manufacturing
 Location Factors
Before we move on, we first need an understanding of what makes
up the Canadian Economy
Economic Structure of
Canada
Economic System
 The organization in
which products and
services are made and
used up
The economy is made up of two different types of people:
Producers:
people who harvest,
manufacture products or
provide services.
Consumers:
people who use products
and services.
How we categorize our economic industries
Primary
Industries
Secondary
Industries
Tertiary
Industries
Quaternary
Industries
Primary Industries
-industries that harvest
natural resources
(natural resources: air,
soil, water, oil, plants,
rocks, minerals,
wildlife)
Examples of Industries: mining, forestry, oil and
gas, agriculture, fishing, hunting, trapping
Northwest
Territories
Yukon Territory
British Columbia
Alberta
X X
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
Ontario
Quebec
X
Forestry
Prince Edward
Island
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Newfoundland &
Labrador
Provinces of Canada and their
Primary Industries using natural
resources
Natural
Resource
Industry
X X
Water
(Hydroelectric)
X
Fishery
X X X X
X
X
X
X X X X X X X X X
X X
X X X X
X X X
Oil & Gas
Agriculture
Mining
X X X
X
Labour
- Lower number of people
employed than other
industry levels due to
mechanization of the job
(one person per big
machine)
-Skilled labour due to the
specialization of the job
(college diploma and
apprenticeship)
Secondary Refining Industries
- process raw
materials into
industrial products
Industries: Steel mills,
paper mills, textile mills,
plastic manufacturers,
flour mill
Labour
- Larger number of people
employed than primary
industry but still lower than
manufacturing industry
-Some college skilled
labour (steel milling),
Often industry trained
labour
Secondary Manufacturing
Industry
-process industrial
products into goods
Industries: car makers,
garment industry,
furniture makers,
industrial bakers
Labour
- Larger number of people
in a factory
-Often industry trained
labour, low skill labour
Tertiary Industry
-provide services and
distribution of final
products to the market
Industries: retail sales,
utilities, public
administration,
communications,
health care,
restaurants, education
Labour
-Large number of people
employed in this industry
-Labour skill varies:
Low skill labour (ex
cashier),
college trained (ex. chef,
paramedic),
University trained (ex.
accountant, pharmacist)
Quaternary Industry
-provides intellectual
services
Industries: Scientific
research,
information
technology,
consultants,
Labour
-Small of people employed
in this industry
-Very highly trained
employees (many years of
university)
Basic and Non-Basic
Industries
Basic Industries
• Industries that sell their products outside the
community, bringing “new” money into the community
Non-Basic Industries
• Industries that sell their products within the community,
not bringing “new” money into the community
Decide if the description is an example of either a basic or non-basic
industry:
Job Description
Coal miner in northeastern British Columbia
Basic/Non-Basic
Basic
Hairdresser at a shopping mall
Non- basic
Art teacher
Non- basic
Actor at the Stratford Shakespearean Festival
Teller at the local bank
Vice-president of Scotiabank
Professor at Queen’s University
Basic
Non- basic
Basic
Receptionist at a dentist’s office
Basic
Non- basic
Air Canada pilot
Basic
School-bus driver
Non- basic
Now it’s your turn:
Complete the following work from your textbook:
Pg 276
#’s 2, 3c, 4
Prepare for tomorrow: MINING
Using your textbook
-Provide definitions for the following terms:
minerals, metallic minerals, fossil fuels, and
industrial minerals
(p 326)
-What is the difference between strip, open
and underground mining (p 334)