EDULEARN 14Research EETitle:
INVESTIGATING STUDENTS’ ACCEPTANCE OF TABLET PC IN
LEARNING SCIENCE: AN APPLICATION OF THE MODIFIED
TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL
by
Noorhanizah Sahadani
&
Dr Sallimah M. Salleh
Universiti Brunei
Darussalam
THE PURPOSE OF STUDY
To investigate student’s acceptance of using Tablet PC in
learning Science by applying The Unified Theory of
Acceptance and Use of technology (UTAUT) model
(Venkatesh, Morris, David & Davis, 2003).
Significance of the study
The findings of this research exercise could help
educators with their decisions to use Tablet PC in
classroom teaching and learning in science.
 to foresee what students feel
 inform educators
 how to improve students’ willingness
 to adjust teachers strategies and tactics
Theoretical Framework
The acceptance factors of using technology have been studied
years ago:
Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)
Theory of Planned Behviour (TPB)
Theory of Acceptance Model (TAM)
Unified Theory of Acceptance and
Use of Technology (UTAUT)
Moran (2003)
(Ajzen & Fishbein
1980)
(Ajzen, 1985)
(Davis,1986)
(Venkatesh, Moris,
David and Davis,2003).
Theoretical Framework
The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) which incorporates both human
and social variables.
It was develop by Venkatesh, Moris, David and Davis (2003).
Research Method
Research design
Sample
The instrument
Analysis data
Quantitative method
2 schools from 5 clusters
100 students each school – year 10 learning
science as one of the subject
Survey (base from the UTAUT model +
input from pilot study)
SPSS
Survey is chosen to conduct research because according to Johnson,
K. (2011)
•Large sample is possible
•Wide range of information
•Relatively easy to administer
•Economical
Construct
Description
Performance Expectancy (PE)
Degree to which students believes that using a Tablet
PC will help accomplish gain in learning
Science.
Effort Expectancy (EE)
The degree of ease of students using Tablet in learning
Science
Social influence (SI)
The degree to which students’ important person for
example parents, teachers and peers influence them to
use Tablet PC in learning Science.
Facilitating conditions (FC)
The degree to which the student believe that the school
and application resources in tablet PC exists to support
the use of Tablet PC in learning Science.
Research Questions and Hypothesis
Research Question
1. What are the performance
Statistical analysis
To identify the indicator
1. Factor analysis
expectancy (PE), Effort
variables of each of the
[identify set of underlying
Expectancy (EE), Social
construct PE, EE, SI and FC.
factors that describe
influence (SI) and
correlation of set of
facilitating factors (FC)
items]
factors that influence
students use of Tablet PC
in learning Science?
2. Descriptive statistic, mean
& standard deviation
Research Questions and Hypothesis
2. How do Effort Expectancy
There will be a positive
1.
Structural Equation Modeling
(SEM)
(EE) and Performance
relationship between:
[confirmatory & exploratory for
Expectancy (PE) to the use
a)
theory testing & theory
and Behavioral Intentions (BI)
of Tablet PC in learning
development]
b)
Science relate to students’
Attitude (AT) to use Tablet
PC in learning Science?
Performance Expectancy (PE)
Effort expectancy (EE) and
Behavioral Intentions (BI)
c)
Social influence (SI) and
Behavioral Intentions (BI)
There will be a positive relationship
between Behavioural Intentions
(BI) and Use Behaviour (UB)
Research Questions and Hypothesis
3. How do Performance Expectancy (PE), Social
H3: There will be a positive relationship between
Influence (SI), Facilitating Condition (FC) along students’ believe to have gain in schools’
with the additional factor that is Self Efficacy
(Performance Expectancy) to students’ intention to
(SE) to the use of Tablet PC in learning Science use Tablet PC (BI) in learning Science;
relate to students’ behavioral intention (BI) to H4: There will be a positive relationship between
use Tablet PC in learning Science?
students’ important person (Social Influence) to
students’ intention to use Tablet PC (BI) in learning
Science;
H5: There will be a positive relationship between
availability and access (Facilitating Condition) to
support the use of Tablet PC in learning Science and
students’ intention to use Tablet PC (BI) in learning
Science; and
H6: There will be a positive relationship between
how well students’ are able to use Tablet PC on their
own in learning Science (Self Efficacy) to students’
intention to use Tablet PC (BI) in learning Science
are postulated.
Research Questions and Hypothesis
4. How do students’ attitudes
(AT) to the use of Tablet PC
in learning Science relates to
the behavioral intention (BI)
to the use of Tablet PC in
learning Science?
H7: There will be a positive
relationship between students’
attitudes (AT) to the use of Tablet
PC in learning Science and
behavioral intention (BI) to use
Tablet PC in learning Science is
postulated.
Conclusions and Recommendations
 The research findings demonstrated the model to have a good
fit with the data except performance expectancy to students’
attitude on the use of Tablet PC where it was found to have no
significant relationship to each other. Nevertheless,
Performance Expectancy (PE) was found to be significant
through direct influence to accept Tablet PC in learning Science.
 As highlighted earlier, these findings of research study could
help educators with their decisions to use Tablet PC in
classroom teaching and helps to foresee what students feel
regarding the use of Tablet PC in learning Science. The findings
of this study also inform educators on how to assist students to
use the Tablet PC in learning Science and to improve students’
willingness to adopt the use of Tablet PC in learning Science.
Educators can also adjust their strategies and tactics for
providing student the potential benefits of Tablet PC in learning
Science.
 .
 The overall results revealed that the key determinant of accepting Tablet PC in learning Science
are the students’ attitude as it has the highest direct influence. This shows that it is important to
deal with students’ attitude to convince them to accept Tablet PC in learning Science. Schools
attempting to use Tablet PC will have a much higher probability of success if they provide specific
training for the proper use of the Tablet PC. By looking at the direct influence to students
attitudes, any improvements should focus more at making students feel at ease on the use of Tablet
PC in learning Science as Effort Expectancy (EE) was found to be significant when compare to
Performance Expectancy (PE). Direct supervision or online help will ease students with their
problem on the use of the technology. These will also aid with their confidence level so will
improve students’ self efficacy. Social influence from parents, teachers and principals was found to
be the second highest contributor to accepting the use of Tablet PC in learning Science. Schools
should create an environment where the use of Tablet PC is welcomed. Teachers might want to
slowly start using Tablet PC in Science classroom, and principal might encourage students to use
Tablet PC in class with teachers’ guidance.
 To further influence students to accept Tablet PC in learning Science, students need to appreciate
the academic benefits to the use of Tablet PC in learning Science and then they will be more likely
to want to use them in their studies. Lastly, schools attempting to the use Tablet PC will also have
a better probability to success if they provide facilitating conditions for students for example the
Tablet PC itself, and providing wireless connection in the school.