Carolingian and Ottonian
Warfare
Equestrian statue and coin of Charlemagne
Carolingian Empire
From Nicholas Hooper & Matthew Bennett, Cambridge Illustrated History. Warfare: The Middle Ages 7681487. Cambridge U. Press, 1996
Carolingian Cavalry and Siege Warfare
from the St. Gall ‘Golden Psalter’
St. Gallen: Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 22 (Soissons/St. Gallen 883–900 CE)
Carolingian or Late Antique cavalry and foot soldiers?
Stuttgart Psalter, 820X830: based on 6th-century models
Carolingian warfare from the Utrecht Psalter
(Utrecht, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS Bibl. Rhenotraiectinae I Nr 32, 816x835 CE)
Carolingian cavalry
Carolingian Renaissance
Charles the Bald
(grandson of Charlemagne, reigned as King of West Francia 840-77;
emperor 875-77)
Count Vivian presentation Bible /Psalter of Charles the bald

Danevirke: earthwork built by
order of King Godefrid of
Denmark in 808 to defend
border against Charlemagne.
The Danevirke is about 30 km
long overall, with a height
varying between 3.6 and 6 m.
During the Middle Ages, the
structure was reinforced with
palisades and masonry walls.
In the same year Charlemagne
ordered fortresses to be built
at the mouths of navigable
rivers along his North Sea
coast, complemented by a
beacon-warning system
From Nicholas Hooper & Matthew Bennett, Cambridge Illustrated History. Warfare: The Middle
Ages 768-1487. Cambridge U. Press, 1996
Viking Attacks on Francia and Britain:
The Great Army 879-892
From Nicholas Hooper & Matthew Bennett, Cambridge Illustrated History. Warfare: The Middle Ages 768-1487.
Cambridge U. Press, 1996
Charles the Bald
(grandson of Charlemagne, reigned as King of West Francia 840-77;
emperor 875-77)
Count Vivian presentation Bible
Fortified Bridges of Charles the Bald
From Nicholas Hooper & Matthew Bennett, Cambridge Illustrated History. Warfare: The Middle
Ages 768-1487. Cambridge U. Press, 1996
Book of Maccabees from Leiden Bible
(early tenth century, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, Leiden)
Magyar horsemen
Ottonian horsemen
From Osprey Publ
From Nicholas Hooper & Matthew Bennett, Cambridge Illustrated Atlas. Warfare: The Middle
Ages 768-1487. Cambridge U. Press, 1996
Otto I’s “Roman Empire” 962