By: Rain Cinco,
Theodora Danias,
Michelle Fong, Alyssa
Iglesias, Katrina
Kerolus, Anumta Raheel
Period 8
THE RISE OF ISLAM
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7th century C.E.- Islam
emerged in Arabian
Peninsula
Arab conquerors were able to
expand the empire within one
century- from N. India to
Iberian Peninsula
Islam spread to three
continents: Asia, Africa, and
Europe
Rapid expansion influenced
development of trade and the
exchange of ideas.
Caliphates: Umayyad,
Abbasid, Fatimid
ISLAMIC TRADE ROUTES- POST CLASSICAL ERA
(600-1450 AD)
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The Islamic Empire was a
center for trade
built an enormous and
profitable trade network over
land and sea
Mediterranean Sea to
Europe
Caspian Sea and Volga River
Russia
Islamic traders made it all the
way to the shores of China by
sailing the Arabian Sea, Indian
Ocean, and Pacific Ocean.
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TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION
Overland trade:
Travel mostly done by camel caravan
 Used extensive road networks that
were built during the classical era by
India, Persia, and the Mediterranean
Basin
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Maritime Trade
Borrowed compass from Chinese
 Borrowed the lateen sail from
Southeast Asian and Indian Mariners
 Borrowed Astrolabe from Hellenistic
Mediterranean
 Arab and Persian mariners sailed
throughout the Indian Ocean Basin
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ISLAM AND MEDIEVAL EUROPE: POLITICAL,
SOCIAL, AND ECONOMICAL IMPACTS
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Political
Battle of Tours in 732
AD stopped the Muslim
advance into Europe and
left only Spain in Muslim
control.
In 1096 Western
Christians marched
through the Byzantine
Empire to take back the
Holy Land from the
Muslims. This conflict
brought about the end of
the feudal system in
Western Europe.
ISLAM AND MEDIEVAL EUROPE CONT.
Economic
 Increased interaction with the Islamic
Empire during the Crusades led to a
revival of European trade with Asia.
This trade led to a rise in the economic
prosperity of Western Europe
Intellectual/Arts
 Increased interaction with the Islamic
Empire as a result of the Crusades
opened Europeans up to new
knowledge of science, medicine, and
technology from the Muslims.
 the Europeans discovered their own past
within a different region of the world
Renaissance.
 Europeans adopted Hindi numerals
from the Muslims
ARAB/ISLAMIC EMPIRES AND CHINA
In 751 CE, the Abbasid
Dynasty defeated a Chinese
army at the Battle of Talas
River
 This ended expansion of Tang
Dynasty into Central Asia and
allowed the spread of Islam
among Turkish peoples
 Borrowed compass from the
Chinese
 Silk Road trade flourished
 Silk and ceramics from China
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TRANS AND SUB-SAHARAN TRADE
Political
 Trade kingdoms emerged in West Africa –
Ghana, Mali, & Songhay and rulers converted
to Islam to gain trade advantages
 Eastern coastal city-states gained power as
rulers converted to Islam
Economic
 Crossed the Sahara by camel caravan to trade
salt, steel, copper, glass, and slaves from West
Africa
 Animal skins from Eastern Africa
ARAB/ISLAMIC EMPIRES AND AFRICA
Intellectual/Arts & Religion
 The Trans-Saharan trade
routes helped to spread Islam
to West Africa
 Mali ruler Mansa Musa
observed Islamic tradition by
making his pilgrimage to
Mecca (Hajj) in 1324-1325.
 Local beliefs mixed with
Islamic beliefs
 Swahili – mix of Bantu and
Arabic became widespread
 Arabic became the first written
language in West Africa
MUSLIM AND HINDU SOCIETIES IN SOUTH ASIA
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Arab forces entered India as early as
the mid 7th century before the
establishment of the Umayyad
caliphate
entered South Asia via merchants
and later conquered Northern
territories of India and eventually
spread to Southeast Asia
Few Islamic converts were won
forcefully but easily converted lower
castes through the ideas of equality
of the believers. The Hindu social
structure was more restrictive than
that of the Muslims. Muslims living
in India adopted many aspects of
Hindu culture.
SOUTH ASIA/INDIA AND THE ISLAMIC EMPIRES
 Mahmud of Ghazni, leader of
the Turks in Afghanistan, led
raids of India between 1001
and 1027.
 Mahmud demolished Hindu
and Buddhist sites
 Buddhism declined.
 Mosques or Islamic shrines
were constructed on the sites
where Hindu and Buddhist
structures were destroyed.
 The Sind (Northern India)
were conquered by Arab
Muslims and passed to
Abbasids
INDIAN OCEAN TRADE NETWORK
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The Indian Ocean Trade Network thrived as Muslim
merchants traded with Indian and Chinese
merchants.
INDIAN OCEAN TRADE
area of rapid Muslim expansion.
 Maritime trade network across the Indian
Ocean and the South China Sea.
 Maritime trade in India expanded due to the
rising prosperity of Asian, European, and
African states and the resulting demand for
luxury goods.
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CROSS-CULTURAL TRADE IN THE INDIAN OCEAN
BASIN
What did they trade?
Silk and porcelain from China
 Spices from southeast Asia
 Pepper, gems, pearls, and cotton
from India
 Incense and horses from Arabia
and southwest Asia
 Gold, ivory, and slaves from east
Africa
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Maritime technology: Lateen sail
and new ship-building
techniques
 Dhows and junks--large ships
involved in maritime trade in
Indian Ocean
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INDIAN OCEAN TRADE
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Trade took place in three distinct
regions:
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The South China Sea- Chinese and
Malays dominated trade
From the east coast of India to the
islands of Southeast Asia- Indians
and Malays dominated trade.
From the west coast of India to the
Persian Gulf and the east coast of
Africa- Persians and Arabs
dominated trade.
Increased interaction with the
Islamic Empire during the
Crusades led to a revival of
European trade with Asia. This
trade led to a rise in the economic
prosperity of Western Europe.
MONSOONS
Monsoon winds changed
direction at regular and
predictable times
 Indians were the first
people to “ride” the
monsoon winds
 Southern monsoons
brought rainfall for crops
and farming
 Supplement to irrigation
systems
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ASSESSMENT!!
1)
To what three continents did Islam spread to
(during the post-classical era)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Europe, Australia, and Asia
Europe, Africa, and Canada
Europe, Africa, and Asia
None of the above
CORRECT ANSWER: C
ASSESSMENT
2) Which West African ruler performed the Hajj?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Genghis Khan
Mansa Musa
Muhammad
Marco Polo
CORRECT ANSWER: B
ASSESSMENT
3) True or False:
Islam traded with Russia through the Volga River
and Caspian Sea.
CORRECT ANSWER: TRUE
ASSESSMENT
4) What were the names of the ships used in
maritime trade in the Indian Ocean?
CORRECT ANSWER: DHOWS AND JUNKS
ASSESSMENT
5) True or False? Islam was dominant in southern
India.
Answer: False, Islam spread to the Sind sultanate in
Northern India, Southern India remained predominantly
Hindu.
ASSESSMENT
6) Arab Muslims imported ______ from China
a. Silk, only
b. Bananas
c. Silk and ceramics (chinaware)
d. None of the above
CORRECT ANSWER: C
THE ISLAMIC EMPIRES AND INDIAN OCEAN
TRADE
There's lots of commotion
In the Indian Ocean
Must be the trade
The Arabs made
Overland or maritime, they were both successful
The Indians and Arabs were ever so fruitful
THE END!